Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol Using Indigo Carmine Dye

Abstract

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of atenolol in both pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation. The method is based on the oxidation of atenolol with chromate in acidic medium of 1N H 2 SO 4 , the residual amount of oxidizing agent is then reacted with indigo carmine dye in the presence of oxalate as a catalyst, the increase in the absorbance of the dye, which is proportional to the amount of the determinants atenolol is then measured at 610 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 30-1500 µg/25 ml with a molar absorptivity of 0.73×10 4 l.mol-1 .cm-1 , Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.364 μg.cm-2 , and a relative standard deviation of ± 0.263 to ± 0.376% depending on the concentration level. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.3259 and 1.0863 μg ml −1 , respectively. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the determination of atenolol in pure and pharmaceutical preparation.

Green spectrofluorimetric method for determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical tablets and human urine

“…These include voltammetry methods for ATE analysis in pharmaceutical products (Moraes et al, 2016) and urine (Afonso et al, 2016), GC-MS method for the analysis of ATE and bisoprolol in human bone (Fernandez-Lopez et al, 2019), and UPLC-MS for the analysis of ATE and chlorthalidone in human plasma (Shah et al, 2016). Also, different mixtures containing ATE were analyzed using HPLC methods (Anderson et al, 2017;El-Alfy et al, 2019;Elkady et al, 2020;Kannappan & Mannemala, 2016) in addition to spectrophotometry (Antakli et al, 2020;Mohammad et al, 2019;Saleem, 2019;Vaikosen et al, 2020) and capillary electrophoresis (Kuraeva et al, 2016). Tabrizi et al (Tabrizi & Yousefzadeh, 2019) developed a spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of ATE and carvedilol in pharmaceutical preparations, while Damiani et al developed a spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of ATE in human urine by emissionexcitation fluorescence matrices (Damiani, 2011).…”

Analysis of Atenolol in Rabbit Plasma by HPLC Method

“…In literature research, UV-Visible spectrophotometry (Saleem, 2019;Antakli et al, 2020;Mohammad et al, 2019;Vaikosen et al, 2020), spectrofluorometry (Tabrizi and Yousefzadeh, 2019), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Pires de Abreu et al, 2003;Iha et al,. 2002;Chiu et al, 1997;Madhusudhan et al, 2018;El-Alfy et al, 2019;Elkady et al, 2020), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Yilmaz et al, 2009) and capillary electrophoresis (Arias et al, 2001) methods for determining atenolol in invitro conditions and biological materials have been reached.…”