Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Pharmaceutical Formulations Through Ion‐Pair Complex Formation

Abstract

Four simple and sensitive ion-pairing spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of gemifloxacin mesylate (GFX) either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with safranin O (SFN O) and methylene blue (MB) in basic medium; Napthol blue 12BR (NB 12BR) and azocaramine G (AG) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima at 525, 650, 620 and 540 nm for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively.Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 3-15, 4-20, 2-10 and 2-10 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 2.81 × 104, 2.20 x 104, 4.02 × 104and 4.15 × 104L mole−1cm−1and relative standard deviation of 0.077, 0.104, 0.080 and 0.103% for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively. These methods have been successfully applied for the assay of drug in pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. Results of analysis were validated statistically and through recovery studies.

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of some fluoroquinolone antibiotics in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations

“…The % recoveries of the three studied drugs compared with that obtained by the reported methods were given in Table 5. Statistical analysis [51] of the results obtained by the proposed and reference methods; GMF [25], MOX [33] and GTF [16] using student's t-test and variance ratio F-value revealed no significant difference between the performance of the two methods regarding the accuracy and precision.…”

“…Reference methods were adopted for the assay of the studied dosage forms. These methods include the reference spectrophotometric methods for GMF [25], MOX [33] and GTF [16] dosage forms. These results were compared with those obtained from the reference spectrophotometric methods for GMF, MOX and GTF dosage forms by statistical analysis with respect to the accuracy (by student's t-test) and precision (by F-test).…”

“…Several methods have been reported for the determination of fluoroquinolones either in pure forms, in dosage forms, or in biological fluids like chromatography [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], capillary zone electrophoresis [10,11], electrochemistry [12][13][14][15], atomic absorption spectrometry [16,17], spectrofluorimetry [18][19][20][21] and spectrophotometric methods for GMF [22][23][24][25][26][27][28], MOX [16,[29][30][31][32][33] and GTF [16,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. These methods are associated with some major drawbacks such as decreased selectivity due to measurement in ultraviolet region [22,23,29,30] and/or de...…”

Supramolecular interaction of gemifloxacin and hydroxyl propyl β-cyclodextrin spectroscopic characterization, molecular modeling and analytical application

“…1). Few analytical methods appeared in the literature for the determination of this drug including spectrophotometric [21][22][23][24], LC [25][26][27], HPLC [28,29], electrophoresis [30,31] and spectrofluorimetry [32,33] were reported for analysis of GFX.…”

Ion-pair spectrophotometric estimation of gemifloxacin

“…[23] As a class, fluoroquinolones act by preventing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis through inhibition of the bacterial type II topoisomerase enzymes (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV), enzymes that are essential for bacterial growth. [45] Gemifloxacin possesses a dual mechanism of action. It inhibits bacterial topoisomerase IV and gyrase enzymes, resulting in interruption of bacterial DNA synthesis,[67] this drug is not official in any pharmacopoeia.…”