Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphorus as Molybdiphosphoric Acid

Boltz, D. F.; Mellon, M. G.

doi:10.1021/ac60020a021

Cited by 113 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The binding ratio of DNA to chitosan in the DNA‐chitosan complexes was estimated from the amount of incorporated phosphate. Phosphate was determined with the use of the molybdenum blue method27 and measurement with a U/2001 spectrophotometer (Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Measurements were performed in triplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-estradiol aggravates temporomandibular joint inflammation through the NF-κB pathway in ovariectomized rats

Kou¹,

Wu²,

Ding³

et al. 2011

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Women of childbearing age are more likely than men to experience temporomandibular disorders, with pain as the main symptom. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation is believed to be a major reason for TMJ pain. Whether sex hormones are involved in the sexual dimorphism of TMJ inflammation and pain remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine whether estrogen affects TMJ inflammation and pain via the NF-B pathway.Methods. Female rats were divided into 6 groups: the control group, the sham-ovariectomized group, and 4 groups of ovariectomized rats treated with 17␤-estradiol at a dosage of 0 g/day, 20 g/day, 80 g/day, and 200 g/day, respectively, for 10 days and then injected intraarticularly with Freund's complete adjuvant to induce TMJ inflammation. The behavior-related and histologic effects of 17␤-estradiol were evaluated 24 hours after the induction of TMJ inflammation. NF-B activity in the synovial membrane was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The expression of the NF-B target genes tumor necrosis factor ␣, interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤), IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the synovial membrane was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. Treatment with estradiol potentiated TMJ inflammation in a dose-dependent manner and also exacerbated the inflammation-induced decrease in food intake. Correspondingly, estradiol potentiated the DNAbinding activity of NF-B and the transcription of its target genes in the synovial membrane. Furthermore, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 or the NF-B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate partially blocked the effects of estradiol on TMJ inflammation and pain and the NF-B pathway.Conclusion. These results suggest that estradiol aggravates TMJ inflammation through the NF-B pathway, leading to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines.Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are an assorted set of clinical conditions characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscles. Joint inflammation is thought to be a major cause of pain in patients with TMDs (1-4). The prevalence, severity, and duration of pain in TMDs are greater in women than in men; such pain primarily affects women of childbearing age (5). Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with the highest prevalence of TMDs (6). In women with TMDs, serum estradiol levels during the luteal phase are higher than those in healthy control subjects (7), and synovial fluid estradiol levels in patients with TMDs are also higher than those in healthy control subjects (8). These observations suggest that sex hormones, particularly estrogen, may be involved in TMD-associated pain.Estrogen is involved in joint inflammation. The sex hormone 17␤-estradiol enhances the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in synoviocytes (9). It also enhances interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤)-induced secretion of IL-6 from synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (10).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-estradiol aggravates temporomandibular joint inflammation through the NF-κB pathway in ovariectomized rats

Kou¹,

Wu²,

Ding³

et al. 2011

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Comparisons were made between new and old inorganic salt stock solutions for total dissolved phosphate, using an analysis described by Boltz and Mellon (1948), but no differ ences were indicated. These fresh stock solutions were con sidered to be equivalent to those previously used and attention was directed toward the culture room in an attempt to locate growth inhibiting factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potato meristem culture and virus X

Manzer

1959

American Potato Journal

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“…Leaves and hulls were analyzed separately. Analysis included: crude protein that was estimated by the procedure outlined by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists [8]; NDF and ADF that were determined according to the methods of Guering and Van Soest [9]; cellulose, lignin and silica that were determined by the method described by Guering and Van Soest [9] using the fibertec system; calcium was obtained by the titrimetric method described by Easly et al [10]; phosphorus was analyzed by the spectrophotometric procedure outlined by Boltz et al [11];and nitrogen ADF was determined by the method described by Guering et al [9]. Treatment differences in weight gain, water intake and mineral consumption were tested independently for heifers and steers by a student t-test [12] at the 0.05 level of significance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable cotton production by using cattle to graze harvest residues in Mexico

Arias¹,

Flores²,

Wood³

et al. 2006

Int. J. SDP

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Twenty crossbred beef steers and twenty crossbred beef heifers were randomly allotted to two treatments to evaluate the effect of supplementation on animal performance in animals grazing cotton plant residues: (1) 10 steers and 10 heifers were allowed to graze ad libitum in an 8 ha cotton field after harvest, and (2) 10 steers and 10 heifers grazed in a similar field but received 1 kg day −1 of supplement. Water intake and mineral consumption were measured daily. Cotton plant residues were obtained from an adjacent 10 ha field by collecting 12 representative samples using a 1 m 2 frame, and separating leaves and cottonseeds for lab analysis. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, lignin, silica, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen ADF were determined. Supplementation did not affect the total weight gain of the steers or the heifers during the 30-day grazing period. The unsupplemented steers gained 0.500 kg day −1 , while the supplemented steers gained 0.466 kg day −1 . The supplemented and unsupplemented heifers gained 0.266 kg and 0.233 kg day −1 , respectively. Water intake did not differ between treatments, but mineral consumption was significantly greater for the unsupplemented calves. The total cotton residues in the soil accounted for about 2,100 kg ha −1 of DM. The economic analysis indicated an increased profitability when using steer calves without supplementation.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphorus as Molybdiphosphoric Acid

Cited by 113 publications

References 12 publications

17β-estradiol aggravates temporomandibular joint inflammation through the NF-κB pathway in ovariectomized rats

17β-estradiol aggravates temporomandibular joint inflammation through the NF-κB pathway in ovariectomized rats

Potato meristem culture and virus X

Sustainable cotton production by using cattle to graze harvest residues in Mexico

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