Spectrophotometric Determination of Polyacrylamide in Aqueous Solutions Using Cationic Dyes

Chmilenko, F. A.; Korobova, I.V.; Nazarenko, S.

doi:10.1023/b:janc.0000014737.11478.e5

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…After equilibration, the solutions were subsequently filtered using a vacuum filter (nylon, pore size of 0.45 m, diameter 47 mm). The concentration of SA was quantified using spectrophotometric method previously described in the literature (Allison et al 1987;Chmilenko et al 2004). A 30-mL aliquot of the diluted samples containing SA were mixed with 10 mL of 5% sodium citrate and 10 mL of 4 mM Hyamine 1622 solution.…”

Section: Sa Adsorption Onto Proppantmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research Model for Using Sacrificial Agents to Enhance Surfactant Performance in Liquids Rich Shale Reservoirs

2016

SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference

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Post-fracturing production data analysis indicates stimulation of some west Texas wells with surfactant additives did not enhance production as high as expected. Analysis of flowback and produced water for surfactant residues revealed 99% of surfactant was retained inside wells (Rane and Xu 2015). This indicates surfactant plating out on rock in the near-wellbore (NWB) region, restricting travel deeper into the reservoir, which compromises well performance. This study presents a sacrificial agent (SA) to cover rock surface near the wellbore, allowing surfactant to penetrate the formation.Literature precedent exists that polyelectrolyte (PET)-based SAs could significantly reduce surfactant adsorption not only onto a variety of outcrop minerals (Carlpool dolomite, calcite, kaolinite, Berea sandstone, Indiana limestone, etc.) and metal oxide nanoparticles, but also unconventional shale formulations in which surface area can be up to 700 m 2 /g. In this study, the adsorptions of surfactant and SA to proppants were first examined. Results indicate no adsorption was observed to proppant for both surfactants and PET-based SAs. SAs (0.5 to 1 gal/1,000 gal (gpt)) were then injected with surfactant (1 to 3 gpt) at an appropriate ratio into column-packed shale formulations (primarily composed of calcite, dolomite, quartz, illite, pyrite, and plagioclase feldspar) to investigate its effectiveness in controlling surfactant retention caused by adsorption. Laboratory testing revealed injection of 3 gpt mixture of surfactant and SA has a similar adsorption profile (surface tension as a function of time) as 3 gpt surfactant alone based on the dynamic surface tension measurement. Notably, the addition of SAs resulted in lower surface tension and enhanced hydrocarbon solubility; and thus, an improved oil recovery by surfactant was achieved as evidenced by the oil recovery tests. Additionally, 68% friction reduction of the fracturing fluid with surfactant and SA was sufficient for the field operation compared to the guar-based fluid used in the hydraulic fracturing applications.As a result of the laboratory findings, field trials were executed on a three well pad in the Permian basin (PB). For the first 30 days oil and gas production appeared to be significantly higher than the average production from offset wells in the same area that were previously fractured with the same surfactant.

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Section: Sa Adsorption Onto Proppantmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research Model for Using Sacrificial Agents to Enhance Surfactant Performance in Liquids Rich Shale Reservoirs

2016

SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference

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“…These shifts probably are caused by electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction of dye molecule and the polyion [18]. Chmilenko et al [19] thought the electrostatic interaction plays the determining role.…”

Section: Interactions Between Dye and Reactive Groups Of Flocculantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between anionic dyes and cationic flocculant P(AM-DMC) in synthetic solutions

Shen

Ren

Zhuang

2006

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…In the EU alone approximately 50,000 tonnes of poly(acrylamide) are used per annum for effluent treatment, and the polymer also finds commercial uses in paper, pulp, mineral and crude oil processing, coating applications and soil/sand treatment 2 . Due to its high usage, concerns regarding the release of the free monomer acrylamide (known to be highly toxic 3 ) and concerns over the toxicity of anionic/cationic polymers to aquatic lifeforms [4][5][6] , researchers have long been attempting to find new methods to determine the fate of the polymer after use [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . In practice the intrinsic toxicity of the polymer released to the environment is reduced by many factors 17,18 so whilst these polyelectrolytes are not a priority for environmental control, our inability to trace these synthetic polymers and determine their spread through surface waters is a severe limiting factor to their future use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring poly(acrylamide) flocculants in fresh water using inter-polymer complex formation

Swift

Swanson

Bretherick

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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A novel detection method for poly(acrylamide) flocculants was developed using interpolymer complexation between flocculants and a probe (poly(acrylic acid-coacenaphthylene)). This detection method was tested in fresh water situations and found to be robust against a range of contaminants; additionally it was capable of detecting levels of flocculant dosing below 1 mg l -1 . This method is remarkably fast and requires little sample modification compared to existing methods of detection.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Polyacrylamide in Aqueous Solutions Using Cationic Dyes

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

A Research Model for Using Sacrificial Agents to Enhance Surfactant Performance in Liquids Rich Shale Reservoirs

A Research Model for Using Sacrificial Agents to Enhance Surfactant Performance in Liquids Rich Shale Reservoirs

Interaction between anionic dyes and cationic flocculant P(AM-DMC) in synthetic solutions

Measuring poly(acrylamide) flocculants in fresh water using inter-polymer complex formation

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