Spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of two cathinone derivatives: 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1-one (4-FPD) hydrochloride and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one (4-MEAP) hydrochloride

Abstract

PurposeIn this study, we performed identification and physicochemical characterization of two cathinone derivatives, 4-FPD and 4-MEAP, found in market-available materials.MethodsThe compounds were characterized by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) in MS2 and MS3 modes, gas chromatography–MS, infrared, Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.ResultsWe could obtain detailed and comprehensive physicochemical characterization of 4-FPD and 4-MEAP—new cathinone derivatives available on the designer drugs market.ConclusionsDynamic growth in the number of psychoactive substances available on the designer drug markets makes it compulsory to obtain analytical data allowing unequivocal identification of these drugs in the fastest possible way. In this study we presented analytical data useful in quick identification of the investigated compounds.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11419-017-0393-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of a new cathinone derivative: 1-phenyl-2-(butylamino)hexan-1-one hydrochloride (N-butylhexedrone)

“…1)-a novel derivative identified in the evidence material seized by police officers at the beginning of 2019 in Poland. The study results presented herein are a continuation of our previous reports concerning NPS and could be used for rapid and unequivocal identification of a given compound in crime investigation and toxicology laboratories [7,8]. Of particular relevance are crystallographic studies, because knowledge of cell parameters for a compound allows for its fast noninvasive identification without the need for preliminary sample preparation.…”

Identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) by Raman spectroscopy

“…[1] The consumption of these NPS is growing continuously; new molecules appear constantly on the illegal market, hence mimicking controlled and regulated illicit pharmacological substances. [2][3][4][5] A continuous increase of NPS on the illicit market is observed. From 2014 to 2015, a 25% increase was reported to the EMCDDA, and since 2016, more than 700 NPS have been reported in about 100 countries.…”

“…[5,7] In the NPS family, there is a wide diversity of substances, including among others, piperazines, synthetic cannabinoids, opioids, benzofurans, and cathinones. [3,4] Among the compounds monitored by the EMCDDA, the most abundant families of NPS are synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. Synthetic cannabinoids are the largest group of substances currently monitored in Europe by the EMCDDA (at least 14 chemical families).…”

Identification and structural characterization of synthetic cathinones: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-dimethylmethcathinone, 2,4-dimethylethcathinone, 2,4-dimethyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 4-bromo-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one and 2,4-dimethylisocathinone

“…A lot of new substituted cathinones have been identified and characterized recently [6], including α-pyrrolidinophenones [7], 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2 -( m e t h y l a m i n o ) p e n t a n -1 -o n e ( 4 -F P D ) a n d 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)pent an-1-one (4-MEAP) [8], 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)pentan-1-one (4-chloro-α-PVP) and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-propan-1-one (4-MDMC) [9], HEX-EN, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1one (4-Clpentedrone), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one (4-Cl-EAPP), propylone, N-ethylnorpentylone, 1-(6-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-methylaminopropan-1-one (6-MeO-bk-MDMA), 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (α-PiHP), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one (4-Cl-α-PHP) and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) hexan-1-one (4-F-α-PHP) [10] or 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1-one (4-MPD), 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one (4F-PHP) and 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one (bk-EPDP) [11], 1-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(methylamino)propan-2-one (iso-4-BMC), 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)pentan-1-one (β-TH-naphyrone) and 3-methoxy-2-(methylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one (mexedrone) [12]. The identification of new cathinones is a continual analytical challenge due to their variety, lack of analytical data available on these substances and the lack of reference standards.…”