Spectroscopic and functional characterization of the [2Fe–2S] scaffold protein Nfu from Synechocystis PCC6803

Thompson, Zechariah; Fidai, Insiya; Wachnowsky, Christine; Hendricks, Amber L.; Cowan, J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.013

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…[Fe-S] clusters are critical cofactors in all categories of life. They participate in the transfer of electrons (photosynthesis and respiration), transcriptional and translation regulation, DNA repair and replication [ 15 , 18 , 26 , 88 , 91 , 266 , 273 , 276 , 277 , 278 ]. The chemically simplest Fe-S clusters are the rhombic [2Fe-2S] and the cubane [4Fe-4S] types, which contain iron (Fe 2+/3+ ) and sulfide (S 2− ) [ 273 ].…”

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2Fe-2S] centers are synthesized from iron and cysteine-derived sulfur by highly conserved multi-protein machineries, including the iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) synthesis machinery [ 273 , 277 , 278 ] and many types of Grx [ 15 ]. The first [Fe-S]-Grx were isolated from humans (CSYC-type Grx, [ 279 ]) and the poplar tree (CGYC-type Grx, [ 280 ]).…”

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron flow associated with the operation of photosystems I and II (PS I and PS II) requires ~22 Fe atoms [ 270 ]. The unicellular model Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains the conserved gene clusters involved in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis: the suf (sulfur utilization factor) operon, some of the isc ([Fe-S] cluster) genes, and a single nif (nitrogen fixation) gene [ 278 ]. Only the gene products from the nif and suf operons are required for growth under standard photoautotrophic conditions [ 278 ].…”

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unicellular model Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains the conserved gene clusters involved in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis: the suf (sulfur utilization factor) operon, some of the isc ([Fe-S] cluster) genes, and a single nif (nitrogen fixation) gene [ 278 ]. Only the gene products from the nif and suf operons are required for growth under standard photoautotrophic conditions [ 278 ]. The small NifU protein (SyNfu, 76 amino-acids) with a conserved CXXC motif harboring a [2Fe-2S] cluster serves as the principal scaffold protein required for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and transfer to apo-ferredoxin [ 282 ].…”

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small NifU protein (SyNfu, 76 amino-acids) with a conserved CXXC motif harboring a [2Fe-2S] cluster serves as the principal scaffold protein required for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and transfer to apo-ferredoxin [ 282 ]. SyNfu is also capable to deliver cluster to both the yeast monothiol Grx3 and the human dithiol Grx2, albeit at a lower rate [ 278 ]. Cluster exchange experiments showed that GSH can extract the cluster from holo-SyNfu, but the transfer is unidirectional [ 278 ].…”

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes

et al. 2023

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From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine nucleophile tri-peptide, is the central player of this system that acts in redox homeostasis, detoxification and iron metabolism in most living organisms. GSH directly scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and carbon radicals. It also serves as a cofactor for various enzymes, such as glutaredoxins (Grxs), glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), which play crucial roles in cell detoxication. This review summarizes what is known concerning the GSH-system (GSH, GSH-derived metabolites and GSH-dependent enzymes) in selected model organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and human), emphasizing cyanobacteria for the following reasons. Cyanobacteria are environmentally crucial and biotechnologically important organisms that are regarded as having evolved photosynthesis and the GSH system to protect themselves against the ROS produced by their active photoautotrophic metabolism. Furthermore, cyanobacteria synthesize the GSH-derived metabolites, ergothioneine and phytochelatin, that play crucial roles in cell detoxication in humans and plants, respectively. Cyanobacteria also synthesize the thiol-less GSH homologs ophthalmate and norophthalmate that serve as biomarkers of various diseases in humans. Hence, cyanobacteria are well-suited to thoroughly analyze the role/specificity/redundancy of the players of the GSH-system using a genetic approach (deletion/overproduction) that is hardly feasible with other model organisms (E. coli and S. cerevisiae do not synthesize ergothioneine, while plants and humans acquire it from their soil and their diet, respectively).

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Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glutathione Glutaredoxins and The Biogenesis Of The Iron-sul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes

et al. 2023

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Mitochondrial targeting sequence of magnetoreceptor MagR: More than just targeting

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Zoological Research

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Iron-sulfur clusters (ISC) are essential cofactors for proteins involved in various biological processes, such as electron transport, biosynthetic reactions, DNA repair, and gene expression regulation. ISC assembly protein IscA1 (or MagR) is found within the mitochondria of most eukaryotes. Magnetoreceptor (MagR) is a highly conserved A-type iron and iron-sulfur cluster-binding protein, characterized by two distinct types of iron-sulfur clusters, [2Fe-2S] and [3Fe-4S], each conferring unique magnetic properties. MagR forms a rod-like polymer structure in complex with photoreceptive cryptochrome (Cry) and serves as a putative magnetoreceptor for retrieving geomagnetic information in animal navigation. Although the N-terminal sequences of MagR vary among species, their specific function remains unknown. In the present study, we found that the N-terminal sequences of pigeon MagR, previously thought to serve as a mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS), were not cleaved following mitochondrial entry but instead modulated the efficiency with which iron-sulfur clusters and irons are bound. Moreover, the N-terminal region of MagR was required for the formation of a stable MagR/Cry complex. Thus, the N-terminal sequences in pigeon MagR fulfil more important functional roles than just mitochondrial targeting. These results further extend our understanding of the function of MagR and provide new insights into the origin of magnetoreception from an evolutionary perspective.

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Spectroscopic and functional characterization of the [2Fe–2S] scaffold protein Nfu from Synechocystis PCC6803

Cited by 2 publications

References 70 publications

The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes

The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes

Mitochondrial targeting sequence of magnetoreceptor MagR: More than just targeting

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