“…The absorption spectrum is due to Eu 3+ ions except a broad and intense band at 850-1050 nm, which is due to Yb 3+ ions ( 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 ). The absorption bands are assigned to electronic transitions from the 7 F 0 ground state and thermally populated lower-lying 7 F 1 excited state to different higher-lying excited states of Eu 3+ : 7 F 0,1 → 5 L 6 (~395 nm), 7 F 0 → 5 D 2 (~465 nm), 7 F 0,1 → 5 D 1 (~530 nm), 7 F 0,1 → 7 F 5 + 7 F 6 (1800-2250 nm) on the basis of earlier work [75]. In the mid-IR, a sharp peak at ~3 μm is related to the absorption of OH --groups.…”