Spectroscopic and thermal techniques for the characterization of the first millennium AD potteries from Kuriki-Turkey

Characterization of an Early Bronze Age pottery group from the upper Tigris valley (Turkey) by means of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques

“…It was seen from BSE images of some samples (i.e., MW‐2 and MW‐9; Figure a,b) that the laminar structure of phyllosilicates was relatively preserved indicating that the maximum firing temperature range would have not been above 900°C–950°C at which clay minerals decompose . Supporting this prediction, the slight evidences of glassy surfaces and the secondary pores observed for some of the sherds (i.e., MW‐12; Figure c) and the presence of characteristic clay structure examined by its laminar habit and in some cases by its exfoliation behavior (i.e., MW‐5 and MW‐6; Figure a,b) suggested a poor vitrification rather than a relatively vitrified body . Finally, chemical compositions of some selected areas belonging to two characteristic samples representing the calcareous and noncalcareous groups are given in Figures and , respectively.…”

“…[26,45] Supporting this prediction, the slight evidences of glassy surfaces and the secondary pores observed for some of the sherds (i.e., MW-12; Figure 13c) and the presence of characteristic clay structure examined by its laminar habit and in some cases by its exfoliation behavior (i.e., MW-5 and MW-6; Figure 13a,b) suggested a poor vitrification rather than a relatively vitrified body. [46] Finally, chemical compositions of some selected areas belonging to two characteristic samples representing the calcareous and noncalcareous groups are given in Figures 14 and 15, respectively. The relation among the amounts of the oxides was found to be compatible with the general chemical characteristics of the groups.…”

Archaeometric study of possible Ninevite‐5 pottery from upper Tigris region using SEM‐EDS, PEDXRF, and OM

“…Some residues of firing places have been recovered during the archeological excavations in Kuriki, but it was not clearly defined if they have been employed for the purpose of cooking food or baking the earthen wares or for something else. [24] So, it would be more appropriate to assume that even if most of the potsherds in Kuriki were probably produced using a simple firing technique (i.e., bonfire and pit firing) as mentioned in previous studies, [50][51][52] the samples of possible Ninevite-5 potsherds in the present work do not seem to be produced in that way due to their micro and macro structural properties represented here.…”

The ‘metallic ware’ from Tell el Far'ah North (West Bank): Petrography, technology, and provenance of a hidden ceramic industry

“…The presence of primary calcareous inclusions could suggest a firing temperature lower than 800 • C, the upper limit of decarbonation process [32]. However, in a complex system as that of ceramic material, the grain size and the abundance of calcite inclusions, the chemical composition of the system, and the firing process parameters (atmosphere, speed of heating rate and cooling) also have a great influence on the stability of calcite, which can be still found up to 875-900 • C [33,34]. In the case of the metallic ware bowls from Tell el-Far'ah North, the identification of reaction rims around calcareous sedimentary rock fragments could indicate a firing temperature around 850 • C [35].…”