Spectroscopic behaviour of Dy3+ and Sm3+ impurity-doped strontium magnesium borate glasses: A comparative evaluation

Nonlinear optical and luminescence studies on Zinc Alumino-Boro-Silicate glasses co-doped with Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions for optical limiting and W-LEDs applications

“…The excitation studies were performed using two wavelengths such as 575 nm and 599 nm. Under 575 nm (figure 3 ) and 663 nm ( 6 H 11/3 ) lower levels along with two feasible Sm 3+ emissions from 4 G 5/2 intermediate level to 6 H 7/2 (599 nm) and 6 H 9/2 (646 nm) ground levels. The emission intensities of Dy 3+ peaks are observed to decrease as Sm 3+ concentrations rise [5].…”

“…Following the energy migration process, Dy 3+ ions arrive at their respective ground levels at 6 H 15/2 , 6 H 13/2 , and 6 H 11/2 . On the other hand, the Sm 3+ ions use the partial energy from the Dy 3+ ions to radiate to lower levels like 6 H 5/2 (564 nm), 6 H 7/2 (599 nm), 6 H 9/2 (645 nm), and 6 H 11/2 (707 nm) [24]. This way, the intensities of Sm 3+ emissions are improved.…”

“…Varying the concentration of Sm 3+ ions in glasses with optimized Dy 3+ concentration will often increase the energy transfer between Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ , producing white light emissions that can be tuned. Despite the studies reported on the energy transfer analysis and luminescence behaviour of Dy 3+ -Sm 3+ co-doped glasses [6][7][8][9], the nonlinearity of these glasses has not been analyzed yet. Likewise, some crystals and 2D materials, glasses are also suitable candidates for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications.…”

“…(a)), the transitions referring to only Dy 3+ ions are observed from the ground state6 H 15/2 to various upper states located at 325 ( 4 M 17/2 + 6 P 3/2 ), 350 ( 6 P 7/2 ), 364 ( 4 I 11/2 + 6 P 5/2 ), 387 ( 4 I 13/2 + 4 F 7/2 ), 425 ( 4 G 11/2 ), 453 ( 4 I 15/2 ), and 473 nm ( 4 F 9/2 ). The intensities of these observed peaks show a gradual decrease with improving the Sm 3+ concentrations.…”