“…Doppler-free and other high-resolution laser techniques have been detailed in several books [21,22]. Previously, optical spectroscopic techniques for isotopic analysis of both organic and inorganic samples were developed for determination of the light elements, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen [23][24][25][26][27]. These techniques were based on plasma sputtering or pyrolysis of the samples to convert them into a gaseous form, and spectroscopic analysis using radio-frequency discharges as a source of molecular emission excitation.…”