Spectroscopic evaluation of carcinogenesis in endometrial cancer

Abstract

Carcinogenesis is a multifaceted process of cancer formation. The transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones may be difficult to determine at a very early stage. Therefore, methods enabling identification of initial changes caused by cancer require novel approaches. Although physical spectroscopic methods such as FT-Raman and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) are used to detect chemical changes in cancer tissues, their potential has not been investigated with respect to carcinogenesis. The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as diagnostic methods of endometrial cancer carcinogenesis. The results indicated development of endometrial cancer was accompanied with chemical changes in nucleic acid, amide I and lipids in Raman spectra. FTIR spectra showed that tissues with development of carcinogenesis were characterized by changes in carbohydrates and amides vibrations. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of Raman spectra demonstrated similarity of tissues with cancer cells and lesions considered precursor of cancer (complex atypical hyperplasia), however they differed from the control samples. Pearson correlation test showed correlation between cancer and complex atypical hyperplasia tissues and between non-cancerous tissue samples. The results of the study indicate that Raman spectroscopy is more effective in assessing the development of carcinogenesis in endometrial cancer than FTIR.

Rapid Biomarker-Based Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Related Rheumatologic Disorders by Portable FT-IR Spectroscopic Techniques

“…Positive peaks suggested positive correlations, while negative peaks indicated negative correlations, and zero represented no effect [ 39 ]. The regression vectors showed the discriminating region was dominated in 1710–1510 cm −1 by the bands centered at 1643, 1628, 1598, 1575 and 1515 cm −1 , characteristic of C=O stretching vibrations in Amide I, the β-sheet structure, the N-H bend, the C–C aromatic ring, and the C=C stretch of aromatic compounds, respectively [ 5 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Furthermore, amide bands and aromatic rings in the profiles of the regression vector for all four models were consistently important.…”

Vibrational Biospectroscopy: An Alternative Approach to Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis and Screening

“…More recently, Depciuch et al [9] identified the chemical changes that occur during the carcinogenesis process in endometrial tissues with both Raman and FtIR spectroscopy and reported classification accuracy ranging between 62.71 and 96.61%; the research group further combined Raman and FtIR spectroscopy to differentiate endometrial cancer, atypical hyperplasia and controls [10]. Alterations in nucleic acid, Amide I, lipids and collagen were seen in the Raman spectra, while changes in carbohydrates and amide vibrations were shown in the FtIR spectra.…”

“…Increasingly more data are emerging in support of the role of vibrational biospectroscopy techniques as cancer diagnostic and screening tools [7,8], as well as the potential role in the assessment of endometrial pathology [9,10]. It is relevant, therefore, to highlight the status quo of the progress made to date in applying vibrational biospectrscopy techniques to EC.…”

Distinct Lipid Phenotype of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) Isolated From Overweight/Obese Endometrial Cancer Patients as Assessed Using Raman Spectroscopy

“…3a-3c. 41,42,58,59 Wavenumber (cm reported that CAFs derived from EC patients with increasing BMI are also less responsive to the hormonal treatment, medroxyprogesterone acetate, with a perturbed metabolic phenotype associated with high expression of CD36 and lipid droplet formation. 78 Multiple metabolomic analyses have also demonstrated the diagnostic role of saturated fatty acid as a potential noninvasive biomarker for the detection and characterization of gynecological cancers including ovarian, 79 endometrial, 80 and breast cancer.…”