Spectroscopic measurements of sunscreen protection

Stanfield, Joseph W.

doi:10.1586/edm.11.55

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For some time, there have been discussions concerning photostability testing of sunscreen products [19][20][21][22]. So far, photostability testing according to the International Conference on Harmonization guideline Q1B is not required for sunscreen products in Europe, Australia and the USA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Short-Wave and Long-Wave Radiation Spectrum on the Photostability of Sunscreens

Garbe

Kockott²,

Werner

et al. 2020

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: Sunscreen products aim to help protect the skin against UV radiation and consequently reduce the risk of early skin ageing and skin cancer. However, it is well known that some sunscreen ingredients are not photostable, but this usually refers to irradiation with UV light. Moreover, it has to be mentioned that a relative cumulative erythema effectiveness compliant light source is used for the in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) testing. Here, UV simulators equipped with a xenon arc lamp use filters such as WG320 and UG11 (thickness 1 mm) to minimize infrared (IR) radiation and wavelength below 300 nm. However, under practical conditions, the sunscreen product is not only exposed to UVA/B light, but also to visible light (VIS) and IR light. In fact, the spectrum of solar radiation is composed of approximately 7% UV, 39% VIS and 54% IR. Aims: To investigate the influence of short-wave and long-wave radiation on the photostability of sunscreens. Methods: Irradiation was performed

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Short-Wave and Long-Wave Radiation Spectrum on the Photostability of Sunscreens

Garbe

Kockott²,

Werner

et al. 2020

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…Therefore, the overestimation and underestimation in conventional in vitro SPF may cancel out in part. But, it is important to recognize that this may lead to misjudgement regarding the importance of photostability, particularly because sunscreen photostability is currently attracting increasing interest (11–14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include factors associated with the application procedure (duration, finger pressure, with or without a finger cot, with or without pretreatment), application amount, application substrate (roughness, affinity, surface profile), environment (ambient temperature and humidity), calculation algorithm (sunlight spectrum, erythema action spectrum) and effect of photostability, as well as measurement system parameters (dynamic range, measurement conditions) (7–10). Although it has recently been shown that consideration of the photostability of samples is important (11–14), the influence of many other factors remains to be experimentally established (15). In short, many issues remain concerning the optimization of in vitro SPF testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Source Spectrum Strongly Influences the In Vitro Estimation of Sun Protection Factor

Mıura¹,

Suzuki

Hirao

et al. 2012

Photochem & Photobiology

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Irradiation from an artificial solar simulator that matches the relative cumulative erythema effectiveness (RCEE) of sunlight is used for in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) testing, whereas irradiation that matches the spectrum of natural sunlight (NS) is generally used for in vitro SPF testing. This study was designed to clarify whether this difference is important. Eight sunscreens spread on artificial substrates and several optical filters as sunscreen mimics were used. Their in vitro SPF values were evaluated using RCEE-compliant and NS spectrum-matching light sources in calculation. The calculated in vitro SPF values obtained using NS light (SPF [NS]) were lower than those obtained using RCEE light (SPF [RCEE]). The in vitro SPF (RCEE) values showed a better correlation and better agreement with in vivo SPF values, as compared with the in vitro SPF (NS) values. A marked difference between in vitro SPF values obtained with the two light sources in calculation was found for sunscreens showing low transmittance in the ultraviolet B region. To obtain in vitro SPF values that correspond well to in vivo SPF values measured with currently accepted methodology, it is important to use an RCEE-compliant light source.

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“…The spectroscopic measurements of sunscreen protection is a subject discussed by Stanfield [5]. This topic is of extreme practical importance, because it would be highly desirable to replace measurements of sun protection factor (SPF) on human subjects with in vitro spectroscopic measurements on artificial substrates.…”

Section: Marco Andreassimentioning

confidence: 99%