The molecular structures of the eight-coordinate tungsten hydride
complexes W(PMe3)4H2X2
(X =
F, Cl, Br, I) and
W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) have been
determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction;
W(PMe3)4H2Cl2 and
W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) have also
been analyzed by single-crystal neutron diffraction, thereby
accurately
locating the positions of the hydride ligands. The structures of
all of these complexes are similar and are
based on a trigonal dodecahedron, with a distorted tetrahedral array of
PMe3 ligands in which two of the
PMe3
ligands are displaced over the halide substituents. However, the
initial structures derived for both
W(PMe3)4H2Cl2 and
W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) did
not exhibit the aforementioned geometry, but were based on
an arrangement
in which the two transoid-PMe3 ligands are
displaced toward the two cis-PMe3 groups, rather
than tilted
toward the chloride ligands. Interestingly, the unexpected
structures for
W(PMe3)4H2Cl2 and
W(PMe3)4H2F(FHF) were discovered to be the result of an artifact due to the
presence of a heavy atom in a polar space
group, which allowed the X-ray structure solutions to refine into most
deceptive false minima. Specifically,
for the structures corresponding to the false minima, the
transoid-PMe3 ligands were incorrectly located
in
positions that are related to their true locations by reflection
perpendicular to the polar axis. In effect, the
incorrect molecular structures are a composite of the two
possible true polar configurations which are related
by a reflection perpendicular to the polar axis, i.e. a “partial
polar ambiguity”. Of most importance, the solutions
corresponding to the false minima are characterized by low R
values and well-behaved displacement parameters,
so that it is not apparent that the derived structures are incorrect.
Thus, for space groups with a polar axis, it
is necessary to establish that all of the atoms in the asymmetric unit
belong to a single true polar configuration.