Spectroscopic study of samarium (III) ion-doped sodium fluoro-borate glasses for visible laser applications

Investigation of the spectral characteristics of Sm3+ ions in lead borosilicate glass for photonic applications

“…b, the excitation spectra were highly useful and helpful for locating and assigning more levels at the higher energy side and, as such, the 6 7. When compared with other reported Sm 3+ -doped systems, BPbSALfSm 1.0 glass optical gain and gain coefficient were high [12,17,23,24,30,31,43].…”

“…These bands were revealed at 401, 420, 476, 945, 1078, 1227, 1372, 1475, 1522 and 1584 nm and related to the transitions from the ground state 6 H 5/2 to various excited states, as shown in Figures 4a,b. Based earlier studies, energy levels were assigned [23–25]. The excitation spectra recorded by monitoring the emissions at 602 and 648 nm are shown in Figure 5a,b respectively.…”

“…Weak absorption peaks in the visible region originated from spin forbidden transitions and at the lower wavelength range were attributed to the existence of lead ions (Pb 2+ ) in BPbSALfSm glass. According to earlier work [23–25], the oscillator strengths of various absorption bands were measured to calculate the J–O intensity parameters, Ω λ (λ = 2, 4, and 6). Table 4 displays the absorption peak positions (λ) along with their experimental oscillator strengths (fexp) and estimated (fcal) oscillator strengths.…”

“…Using the density and refractive index as input values, several physical parametric quantities were measured and are shown in Table 2. Calculations were carried out using conventional formulae [15,16,24,32].…”

“…As well as Sm 3+ ions, RE 3+ ions (reddish orange luminescence) have drawn much attention. Sm 3+ ion-doped glass can be used for various applications in solid corrosion-free glass hosts for undersea communications, waveguides, viewable LEDs, high-density optical memories, colour panel displays, optoelectronic devices, plasma displays, and cathode ray tubes [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Due to the partially filled f-f levels, Sm 3+ ions are desirable for research because they can produce an intense luminescence in the reddish orange wavelength.…”