Spectroscopic, thermal, and electrical investigations of PVDF films filled with BiCl₃

Abstract

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films filled with BiCl 3 in the mass fraction range of 0.1 W 10 were prepared. a-and b-Crystalline PVDF phases were detected and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Fourier transform infrared analysis detected the presence of a-and bphase head-to-head and tail-to-tail polymer chain defects. The band detected at 1670 cm À1 was assigned to C¼ ¼C, indicating polarons in the polymeric matrix. The degree of crystallinity increased by increasing the filling level (FL), and the maximum relative b-phase content was found at w ¼ 5% FL. This result was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The Xray analysis confirmed the presence of a and b phases, and no peaks corresponding to pure BiCl 3 were found. DSC therograms showed a sharp endothermic peak at T 1 ¼ 444 K for different FLs because of the melting. This peak was used to calculate the activation energy and the order of the reaction. The DC electrical resistivity was attributed to the onedimensional interpolaron hopping mechanism. The FL dependence of log r and hopping distance (R o ) at 373 K was observed, indicating the FL affected the distribution of the hopping sites.

Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible investigation of swift heavy 100 MeV Ag-ion- and 75 MeV oxygen-ion-irradiated polyvinylidene fluoride thin films

“…The infrared characteristic band frequencies are given in Table 1 along with their sources of origin. It was observed that the characteristic bands are almost independent of the film thickness and are in conformity with the results obtained by other groups [5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The authors have assigned frequencies 1174, 1167, and 1181 cm −1 corresponding to 9, 12, and 20 μm pristine films, respectively, as CF 2 asymmetric stretching mode, as the CF 2 group absorbs strongly in the region 1120-1350 cm −1 .…”

Effect of NaCl filler on ferroelectric phase and polaron configurations of PVDF films

“…Recent investigations of our research group revealed that the metal halide fillers modify significantly the structure and physical properties of PVDF films [10][11][12]. NaCl is known as an active solvent [13] for some polymers which can be used to form blends with PVDF.…”

Direct Preparation of Nanoscale Thin Films of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Containing β‐Crystalline Phase by Heat‐Controlled Spin Coating

“…Thus, a variety of experimental techniques were investigated to induce the formation of the β ‐phase through either modifying the conventional solution‐ and melt‐processing methods with specialized conditions (e.g., epitaxial growth from the solution on alkali halide substrates4) and additional treatments (e.g., subjecting the conventionally prepared films to mechanical stretching,5 electrical poling,6 ultra‐fast quenching,7 crystallization under high pressure,8 etc.) or by incorporating some additives (e.g., metal,9 metal halides,10 and organically modified silicates,11 etc. ).…”