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Böttger, Thomas; Sun, Yazhou; Thiel, Charles W.; Cone, R. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.075107

Cited by 124 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The factor R describes the rate of dipole fluctuations. Such spectral diffusion has been observed in many other systems, including Er:Y 2 SiO 5 where electron spins fluctuate 27 and Eu:YAlO 3 , where nuclear spins fluctuate. 34 Three-pulse echo decays in the present work were measured at 1.7 K with t 12 = 0.5 µs and with t 23 varied up to 15 ms.…”

Section: Optical Decoherence: Three-pulse Photon Echoesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At lower temperatures, the echo decay is more complicated. The initial part of the decay curve has a shape that is quite characteristic for decays with spectral diffusion due to spin relaxation, 27 where time evolution of the spin dynamics causes the decay rate to change with time, reflecting a change in the homogeneous linewidth. The later part of the decay, where the rate slows, is indicative of a time scale longer than that typical of spin flips, implying that some of the flipped spins have flipped again, returning to their original orientations.…”

Section: Optical Decoherence: Two-pulse Photon Echoes and Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

2012

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We report the energy level structure of the 3 H6 and 3 H4 multiplets for Tm 3+ doped congruent LiNbO3, as well as the decoherence properties and their temperature dependencies for the 3 H6(1) ↔ 3 H4(1a) transition at 794 nm. It is shown that this material provides very significant improvements in bandwidth, time-bandwidth product, and sensitivity for spatial-spectral holographic signal processing devices and quantum memories based on spectral hole burning. The available signal processing bandwidth for 0.1% Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is 300 GHz versus 20 GHz for Tm 3+ YAG. The peak absorption coefficient for 0.1% Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is 15 cm −1 at 794.5 nm compared with 1.7 cm −1 for 0.1% Tm:YAG at 793 nm, and the total absorption strength is eighty times stronger. The oscillator strength for Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is about twenty five times larger than that for Tm 3+ :YAG, making the material five times more sensitive for processing high-bandwidth analog signals. The homogeneous linewidth, which determines processing time or spectrum analyzer resolution, is 30 kHz at 1.6 K and 350 kHz at 6 K, as measured by photon echoes. Those values establish potential time-bandwidth products of 10 7 and 7 ×10 5 respectively. The temperature dependence of the homogeneous linewidth was explained by observation of a 7.8 cm −1 crystal field level in the ground multiplet and direct phonon coupling. The excited state 3 H4 lifetime T1 is 152 µs and the bottleneck lifetime of the lowest 3 F4 level is 7 ms from photon echo measurements. These factors combine to provide a surprisingly large increase in key parameters that determine material performance for spatial-spectral holography, quantum information, and other spectral hole burning applications.

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Section: Optical Decoherence: Three-pulse Photon Echoesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Optical Decoherence: Two-pulse Photon Echoes and Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

2012

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“…Because of the lower symmetry C 6 2h of the crystal Y 2 SiO 5 field, each J manifold is split into J + 1/2 doubly degenerate states [21]. We focus specifically on the Z 1 → Y 1 transition between the lowest energy levels in the ground 4 I 15/2 and excited 4 I 13/2 manifolds [20]. Using Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the reach of existing experimental measurements of Er 3+ transitions, we have also considered optical transitions in Er 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 [20]. Because of the lower symmetry C 6 2h of the crystal Y 2 SiO 5 field, each J manifold is split into J + 1/2 doubly degenerate states [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lorentz-symmetry violation on the spectra of rare-earth ions in a crystal field

Harabati¹,

Dzuba²,

Flambaum³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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We demonstrate that experiments measuring the transition energies of rare-earth ions doped in crystalline lattices are sensitive to violations of Local Lorentz Invariance and Einstein's Equivalence Principle. Using the crystal field of LaCl3 as an example, we calculate the frame-dependent energy shifts of the transition frequencies between low-lying states of Ce 3+ , Nd 3+ , and Er 3+ dopants in the context of the Standard Model Extension, and show that they have high sensitivity to electron anomalies that break rotational invariance.PACS numbers: 03.30.+p, 11.30.Er, 11.30.Cp, 32.30.Jc Most of our day-to-day experiences are mediated by light and charged particles, and in particular its interaction with electrons. To the best of our knowledge, the physics of a system of photons and electrons is independent of the velocity and orientation of that system in absolute space, nor is it locally dependent upon where that system lies in a gravitational potential. These symmetries, respectively described as local Lorentz invariance (LLI) and Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP), are fundamental to our modern understanding of the standard model and general relativity. It is possible, however, that these symmetries are not exact at experimentally accessible energy scales, thanks to spontaneous symmetry breaking or other physics at high energy scales [1,2]. This possibility has driven many experimental tests of LLI and EEP [3], and motivated the development of phenomenological frameworks that can quantitatively describe the effect of LLI-and EEP-violation on known particles and fields. One such framework is provided by the standard model extension (SME) [4,5], which has been used to analyze a wide range of experiments [6]. The SME augments the standard model Lagrangian with all combinations of known particles and fields that are not invariant under Lorentz transformations, but which preserve gauge invariance, energy and translational invariance, and the invariance of the total action [4,5]. These terms are parameterized by Lorentz tensors that are collectively known as LLI-and EEP-violating coefficients, and are further subdivided into 'sectors' that deal with terms involving a particular particle. In this Letter, we focus on tests of the electron-sector c µν tensor, which modifies the inertial energy of electrons according to their direction of motion.Spectroscopy of neutral dysprosium atoms has already led to one of the world's most sensitive tests of electronic LLI and EEP [7]. More recently, a still more sensitive measurement of the electron c µν coefficients was obtained by engineering the quantum state of a pair of trapped Ca + ions [8], extending precision tests of electronic LLI past the electroweak (relative to the Planck mass) scale. Both of these experiments operate at or near the interrogation-time-of-flight or atom (ion) shot-noise limit. In this Letter, we consider the possibility of using rare earth ions doped in a crystalline lattice to perform similar measurements of the electronic c µν . Rare-earth ion...

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“…In Er 3+ :LiNbO 3 , as for many other Er 3+ materials, spectral diffusion broadens the homogeneous linewidth during the measurement timescale [16] leading to a non-exponential echo decay often described by the empirical formula proposed by Mims [61,62] …”

Section: Echo Decays In Powders Of Randomly Orientated Crystallitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mechanical processing and annealing on optical coherence properties ofEr3+:LiNbO3 powders

Lutz

Veissier

Thiel

et al. 2017

Journal of Luminescence

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Optical coherence lifetimes and decoherence processes in erbium-doped lithium niobate (Er 3+ :LiNbO3) crystalline powders are investigated for materials that underwent different mechanical and thermal treatments. Several complimentary methods are used to assess the coherence lifetimes for these highly scattering media. Direct intensity or heterodyne detection of two-pulse photon echo techniques was employed for samples with longer coherence lifetimes and larger signal strengths, while time-delayed optical free induction decays were found to work well for shorter coherence lifetimes and weaker signal strengths. Spectral hole burning techniques were also used to characterize samples with very rapid dephasing processes. The results on powders are compared to the properties of a bulk crystal, with observed differences explained by the random orientation of the particles in the powders combined with new decoherence mechanisms introduced by the powder fabrication. Modeling of the coherence decay shows that paramagnetic materials such as Er 3+ :LiNbO3 that have highly anisotropic interactions with an applied magnetic field can still exhibit long coherence lifetimes and relatively simple decay shapes even for a powder of randomly oriented particles. We find that coherence properties degrade rapidly from mechanical treatment when grinding powders from bulk samples, leading to the appearance of amorphous-like behavior and a broadening of up to three orders of magnitude for the homogeneous linewidth even when low-energy grinding methods are employed. Annealing at high temperatures can improve the properties in some samples, with homogeneous linewidths reduced to less than 10 kHz, approaching the bulk crystal linewidth of 3 kHz under the same experimental conditions.

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Spectroscopy and dynamics ofEr3+:Y2SiO5at
Thomas Böttger
¹
,
Yazhou Sun
²
,
Charles W. Thiel
³

et al.

Cited by 124 publications

References 17 publications

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Effects of Lorentz-symmetry violation on the spectra of rare-earth ions in a crystal field

Effects of mechanical processing and annealing on optical coherence properties ofEr3+:LiNbO3 powders

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Spectroscopy and dynamics ofEr3+:Y2SiO5atThomas Böttger1, Yazhou Sun2, Charles W. Thiel3 et al.

Cited by 124 publications

References 17 publications

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Effects of Lorentz-symmetry violation on the spectra of rare-earth ions in a crystal field

Effects of mechanical processing and annealing on optical coherence properties ofEr3+:LiNbO3 powders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Spectroscopy and dynamics ofEr3+:Y2SiO5at
Thomas Böttger
¹
,
Yazhou Sun
²
,
Charles W. Thiel
³

et al.