Spectroscopy features of Pr3+ and Er3+ ions in Li2O–ZrO2–SiO2 glass matrices mixed with some sesquioxides

Ultra-broadband near-infrared emission in praseodymium ion doped germanium tellurite glasses for optical fiber amplifier operating at E-, S-, C-, and L-band

“…The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters X t (t ¼ 2, 4, 6) are derived to be 3.14 Â 10 À20 , 10.67 Â 10 À20 , and 3.95 Â 10 À20 cm 2 , respectively, from the electric-dipole contributions of the experimental oscillator strengths by a least-squares fitting approach. [9][10][11][12] The spontaneous emission probability (A rad ) for the 1 D 2 ! 1 G 4 transition is derived to be 663 s À1 , which is higher than those of 270 and 451 s À1 in borate and phosphate glasses, respectively.…”