“…As Ga-Ge-Sb-Se glass presents a suitable RE 3+ ion solubility and appropriate thermo-mechanical properties for optical fiber drawing [ 34 , 40 ] the Dy 3+ and Pr 3+ -doped Ga 5 Ge 25 Sb 10 Se 60 glasses and fibers with RE concentration varying from 0.05 up to 0.1 wt.% were explored according to the high quantum efficiencies in the 4–5 μm spectral domain of selenide glasses for developing remote optical sensor based on mid-IR sources [ 41 ]. These glasses were prepared by means of conventional melting and quenching methods [ 38 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Single refractive index fibers with 300–400 µm diameters were obtained for which Dy 3+ or Pr 3+ doping concentration was limited to 0.1 wt.%.…”
Section: Rare-earth Doped Selenide Glass Fibers For Ir Sourcesmentioning
Chalcogenide glasses are based on sulfur, selenium and tellurium elements, and have been studied for several decades regarding different applications. Among them, selenide glasses exhibit excellent infrared transmission in the 1 to 15 µm region. Due to their good thermo-mechanical properties, these glasses could be easily shaped into optical devices such as lenses and optical fibers. During the past decade of research, selenide glass fibers have been proved to be suitable for infrared sensing in an original spectroscopic method named Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). FEWS has provided very nice and promising results, for example for medical diagnosis. Then, some sophisticated fibers, also based on selenide glasses, were developed: rare-earth doped fibers and microstructured fibers. In parallel, the study of telluride glasses, which can have transmission up to 28 µm due to its atom heaviness, has been intensified thanks to the DARWIN mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA). The development of telluride glass fiber enables a successful observation of CO2 absorption band located around 15 µm. In this paper we review recent results obtained in the Glass and Ceramics Laboratory at Rennes on the development of selenide to telluride glass optical fibers, and their use for spectroscopy from the mid to the far infrared ranges.
“…As Ga-Ge-Sb-Se glass presents a suitable RE 3+ ion solubility and appropriate thermo-mechanical properties for optical fiber drawing [ 34 , 40 ] the Dy 3+ and Pr 3+ -doped Ga 5 Ge 25 Sb 10 Se 60 glasses and fibers with RE concentration varying from 0.05 up to 0.1 wt.% were explored according to the high quantum efficiencies in the 4–5 μm spectral domain of selenide glasses for developing remote optical sensor based on mid-IR sources [ 41 ]. These glasses were prepared by means of conventional melting and quenching methods [ 38 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Single refractive index fibers with 300–400 µm diameters were obtained for which Dy 3+ or Pr 3+ doping concentration was limited to 0.1 wt.%.…”
Section: Rare-earth Doped Selenide Glass Fibers For Ir Sourcesmentioning
Chalcogenide glasses are based on sulfur, selenium and tellurium elements, and have been studied for several decades regarding different applications. Among them, selenide glasses exhibit excellent infrared transmission in the 1 to 15 µm region. Due to their good thermo-mechanical properties, these glasses could be easily shaped into optical devices such as lenses and optical fibers. During the past decade of research, selenide glass fibers have been proved to be suitable for infrared sensing in an original spectroscopic method named Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). FEWS has provided very nice and promising results, for example for medical diagnosis. Then, some sophisticated fibers, also based on selenide glasses, were developed: rare-earth doped fibers and microstructured fibers. In parallel, the study of telluride glasses, which can have transmission up to 28 µm due to its atom heaviness, has been intensified thanks to the DARWIN mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA). The development of telluride glass fiber enables a successful observation of CO2 absorption band located around 15 µm. In this paper we review recent results obtained in the Glass and Ceramics Laboratory at Rennes on the development of selenide to telluride glass optical fibers, and their use for spectroscopy from the mid to the far infrared ranges.
“…In this case, two possible transitions could take place for the Pr 3+ ions on the level ( 3 F 2 , 3 H 6 ). On the one hand, they might transit to the ground state 3 H 4 and generate NIR fluorescence around 2.5 μm, as demonstrated in the literature 24,25,28 . On the other hand, these Pr 3+ ions populating the level ( 3 F 2 , 3 H 6 ) might be further excited to the higher energy level ( 3 F 4 , 3 F 3 ) by the signal ESA of a photon with wavelength around 5.5 μm.Figure 7Simplified energy diagram of Pr 3+ ions in the 4.1 μm resonant pumping scheme with the 5.5 μm signal laser.…”
We demonstrate a maximum gain of 4.6 dB at a signal wavelength of 5.28 μm in a 4.1 μm resonantly pumped Pr
3+
-doped selenide-based chalcogenide glass fibre amplifier of length 109 mm, as well as a new signal excited-stated absorption (ESA) at signal wavelengths around 5.5 μm. This work to the best of our knowledge is the first experimental demonstration of gain at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths in a Pr
3+
-doped chalcogenide fibre amplifier. The signal ESA of the fibre is attributed to the transition
3
H
6
→ (
3
F
4
,
3
F
3
) after the pump ESA (
3
H
5
→
3
H
6
) at a pump wavelength of 4.1 μm, which absorbs the MIR signal at wavelengths of 5.37, 5.51 and 5.57 μm, and so spoils the amplifier’s performance at these wavelengths. Thus, this signal ESA should be suppressed in a resonantly pumped Pr
3+
-doped selenide-based chalcogenide fibre amplifier.
“…2). [6] where perhaps the Pr 3+ electronic absorption was more dominating. We conclude that Method (ii) gives both a more accurate assessment of true Pr 3+ absorption bandshape than Method (i) and a more accurate absorption coefficient bandshape, i.e.…”
Section: Methods (Ii): Gaußian Fitting Of [H-se-] Absorption Bandsmentioning
The mid-infrared (MIR) spans the 3-25 m wavelength range. Rare-earth-ion doped selenide-chalcogenide glasses are being developed for direct-emission MIR fibre lasers. The true Pr 3+ absorption cross-section in the 3.5-6 m wavelength region of a Pr 3+ -doped (500 ppmw of Pr 3+ i.e. 9.47 x 10 19 Pr 3+ ions cm -3 ) GeAsGaSe hostglass is presented, after numerically removing the underlying, extrinsic vibrational absorption due to [H-Se-] contamination of the host-glass.
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