Spectroscopy of Single- and Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Different Environments

Hertel, Tobias; Hagen, Axel; Talalaev, V. G.; Arnold, Katharina; Hennrich, Frank; Kappes, Manfred M.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; McBride, James R.; Ulbricht, Hendrik; Flahaut, Emmanuel

doi:10.1021/nl050069a

Cited by 205 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

217

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While no literature data exists for ͑6,4͒ nanotubes at room temperature, the average lifetime of 14 ps is in general agreement with values reported for other nanotube chiralities. 17 The corresponding distribution established for ͑6,5͒ nanotubes within the same sample results in an average lifetime of 5 ps and a similar width. Remarkably, this value agrees very well with the 6 ps determined by pump-probe measurements for the same CoMoCat nanotube material allowing for a direct comparison of the results achieved by both techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Exciton decay dynamics in individual carbon nanotubes at room temperature

Gokus

Hartschuh

Harutyunyan

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied the exciton decay dynamics of individual semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photoluminescence decay from nanotubes of the same ͑n , m͒ type follows a single exponential decay function, however, with lifetimes varying between about 1 and 40 ps from nanotube to nanotube. A correlation between broad photoluminescence spectra and short lifetimes was found and explained by defects promoting both nonradiative decay and vibronic dephasing. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2913009͔Based on their exceptional optical properties, singlewalled carbon nanotubes ͑SWNT͒ will eventually play an important role as nanometer-scale building blocks for optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and biosensing. 1-3 Experimental and theoretical studies confirmed the identification of the photoluminescent state as being excitonic in nature with extremely large exciton binding energies. 4,5 The excited state energies and dynamics of SWNT attracted particular scientific interest motivated by their unique one-dimensional structure combining intriguing optical and transport properties. To date, a large number of ensemble studies using pump-probe and time-resolved photoluminescence ͑PL͒ spectroscopy exist, reporting on mono-or multiexponential relaxation dynamics with decay times ranging from few to several tens of picoseconds for different sample materials. 4,6,7 Temperature dependent PL measurements suggest that the excited state relaxation reflects a complex interplay between excitonic states of different parity that are optically bright or dark depending on their accessibility from the ground state. 8,9 At present, excited state lifetimes are thought to be limited by fast transitions to these dark states but also by quenching related to defect related trap states. Transitions between excitonic states of different parity are expected to require symmetry breaking defects or environmental perturbations. 10 Defects and environmental coupling are spatially localized by nature and a unique property of a given nanotube. As a result, ensemble measurements will always represent an averaging. Previous single nanotube PL measurements revealed a distribution of lifetimes for a single nanotube chirality ͑6,4͒ ranging from sub 20 to 180 ps with an average value of 57 ps at 87 K. 11 These studies were limited to low temperatures because of the time resolution of the utilized system. In this paper, we report on the first time-resolved PL measurements of individual ͑6,4͒ and ͑6,5͒ SWNT at room temperature. PL transients extending over more than four orders of magnitude were found to be monoexponential with lifetimes ranging from about 1 to 40 ps.Single nanotube measurements were performed using an inverted confocal microscope in combination with electronics for time-correlated single-photon counting. Laser excitation is provided by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser operating at 760 nm and a repetition rate of 76 MHz. A high numerical aperture obje...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Exciton decay dynamics in individual carbon nanotubes at room temperature

Gokus

Hartschuh

Harutyunyan

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though there are a few reports on PL studies of peapod-derived DWNTs ͑Ref. 17͒ and catalytically grown DWNTs, 18,19 those studies are quite different from ours because we used highly pure crystalline DWNTs ͑Ref. 14͒ to eliminate the effect of impurities ͑i.e., unwanted SWNTs, amorphous carbon, and metallic impurities͒.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Strong and stable photoluminescence from the semiconducting inner tubes within double walled carbon nanotubes

Shimamoto

Muramatsu

Hayashi

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined the optical features of single wall carbon nanotubes ͑SWNTs͒ and the inner tubes within double walled carbon nanotubes ͑DWNTs͒ having the same ͑n , m͒ chirality. The brighter and more stable photoluminescence signals as well as the larger absorbance were observed for the semiconducting inner tubes within DWNTs and not for SWNTs. The outer layers of DWNTs maintain the high structural integrity of the inner tubes during both oxidative purification and strong sonication steps and are responsible in increasing the dielectric screening ͑due to weaker Coulomb interaction͒; thus leading to a redshift of the E 11 S and E 22 S excitonic transitions. © 2009 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.3085966͔Since the discovery of band gap photoluminescence ͑PL͒ from isolated single walled carbon nanotubes ͑SWNTs͒, 1,2 PL maps have been widely utilized for determining the relative ͑n , m͒ distribution of semiconducting SWNTs. [3][4][5] The high sensitivity of PL in SWNT systems is very useful in sensing applications. 6 In order to fully exploit the PL features of SWNTs in biomarkers 7 and optoelectronic devices, 8 strong and environmentally stable PL signatures are needed. However, SWNTs exhibit all of their constituent carbon atoms on their sidewalls and are extremely sensitive to their environments. Therefore, SWNTs reveal shifts in the transition energies ͑E ii ͒ due to changes in their environment ͑i.e., dielectric constant and local strain͒, which is known as environmental effect. [9][10][11][12][13] In addition, carbon nanotube defects or functional groups on the sidewalls of catalytically grown SWNTs created during oxidative purification processes, quench significantly the PL intensity.In this study, we suggest that the inner tubes of DWNTs having thin diameter 14 are preferred over SWNTs for producing photoluminescent materials. Due to their coaxial structure, the inner tubes of DWNTs are expected to possess higher structural perfection and to be more resistant toward environmental changes when compared to SWNTs; the outer tube protects effectively the inner tubes from perturbations. 15,16 In order to demonstrate the above assumption, we prepared individually dispersed SWNT and DWNT suspensions using several surfactants ͓i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate ͑SDS͒, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ͑SDBS͒, and polyvinylpyrrolidone ͑PVP͔͒ and then explored the causes for observing different optical behavior from the inner tubes of DWNTs and SWNTs having the same chirality. Even though there are a few reports on PL studies of peapod-derived DWNTs ͑Ref. 17͒ and catalytically grown DWNTs, 18,19 those studies are quite different from ours because we used highly pure crystalline DWNTs ͑Ref. 14͒ to eliminate the effect of impurities ͑i.e., unwanted SWNTs, amorphous carbon, and metallic impurities͒. In addition, the inner tubes in the present DWNTs have diameters below 0.9 nm. We found that the strong and stable PL signal as well as the large absorbance from the inner tubes of DWNTs originates from their coaxial struc...

show abstract

“…It has been reported that the inner tubes of CVD-grown DWCNTs with small diameter are preferred over SWCNTs for producing photo-luminescent materials [26,27]. Due to their coaxial structure, the inner tubes of DWCNTs are expected to possess higher structural perfection and to be more resistant towards environmental changes when compared to SWCNTs.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Dwcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization, and application

Kim¹,

Yang²,

Muramatsu³

et al. 2014

Carbon letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are considered an ideal model for studying the coupling interactions between different concentric shells in multi-walled CNTs. Due to their intrinsic coaxial structures they are mechanically, thermally, and structurally more stable than single walled CNTs. Geometrically, owing to the buffer-like function of the outer tubes in DWCNTs, the inner tubes exhibit exciting transport and optical properties that lend them promise in the fabrication of field-effect transistors, stable field emitters, and lithium ion batteries. In addition, by utilizing the outer tube chemistry, DWCNTs can be useful for anchoring semiconducting quantum dots and also as effective multifunctional fillers in producing tough, conductive transparent polymer films. The inner tubes meanwhile preserve their excitonic transitions. This article reviews the synthesis of DWCNTs, their electronic structure, transport, and mechanical properties, and their potential uses.

show abstract

Spectroscopy of Single- and Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Different Environments

Cited by 205 publications

References 22 publications

Exciton decay dynamics in individual carbon nanotubes at room temperature

Exciton decay dynamics in individual carbon nanotubes at room temperature

Strong and stable photoluminescence from the semiconducting inner tubes within double walled carbon nanotubes

Double-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization, and application

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About