Spectroscopy of the hydrogen<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>transition with chirped laser pulses

Matveev, A.; Grinin, Alexey; Peters, Elisabeth; Maisenbacher, Lothar; Beyer, Axel; Pohl, Randolf; Kolachevsky, Nikolai N.; Khabarova, K. Yu.; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Udem, Thomas

doi:10.1103/physreva.93.042509

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recently we reported on the extension to the deep-UV region [24], and here we present a detailed account of this experiment. We demonstrate its potential by exciting the 4p 6 → 4p 5 5p[1/2] 0 two-photon transition in 84 Kr at 212.55 nm, and we also report improved isotope shift measurements for the other isotopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Moreover, the use of chirped pulses can lead to a systematic effect as explained in [6], named chirp-induced first-order Doppler shift (CIFODS). All these effects can be minimized by finding the angle θ 2 for which the average first-order Doppler shift vanishes (when the UV beams are effectively perpendicular to the atomic beam).…”

Section: Doppler Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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High-accuracy deep-UV Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in krypton

Galtier¹,

Altmann²,

Dreissen³

et al. 2016

Appl. Phys. B

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and bound-state QED tests based on precision spectroscopy in atoms, molecules and highly charged ions (see, e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10]). Moreover, in the pursuit of testing QED ever better, substantial efforts have been made to extract fundamental quantities such as the Rydberg constant R ∞ and the proton charge radius. Both can be obtained from spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen, assuming that QED is sufficiently precise. However, when the CREMA collaboration determined the proton charge radius from spectroscopy in muonic hydrogen (consisting of a proton and a muon), it leads to a considerable (7σ) mismatch with the value extracted from normal (electronic) hydrogen [11][12][13]. This mismatch, known as the proton radius puzzle, remains to be explained and requires more spectroscopic measurements, e.g., in systems other than (muonic) hydrogen. Recent results on muonic deuterium [14] reveal that also the deuteron radius is significantly smaller (7.5 σ) than the radius based on normal deuterium spectroscopy.Interesting candidates for precision spectroscopy to solve this puzzle need to be sufficiently simple for precise theoretical treatment. One example is molecular hydrogen, made possible by recent improvements in theory [15]. Another is He + [16], which can be compared to muonic-He + spectroscopy [13]. The experimental challenge is the short wavelengths required for excitation, which ranges from the deep UV (≈ 200 nm) for H 2 to extreme ultraviolet (XUV, < 60 nm) for He + .Such short wavelengths are typically obtained by frequency upconversion of near-infrared lasers in nonlinear crystals or noble gases. One can use a frequency-comb (FC) laser as the fundamental laser and take advantage of its excellent spectral resolution and pulse peak power, to perform direct frequency-comb spectroscopy (DFCS) [17][18][19]. To achieve sufficient upconversion to the UV or XUV range, several approaches have been investigated. AbstractIn this paper, we present a detailed account of the first precision Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in the deep UV. We excite krypton in an atomic beam using pairs of frequency-comb laser pulses that have been amplified to the millijoule level and upconverted through frequency doubling in BBO crystals. The resulting phase-coherent deep-UV pulses at 212.55 nm are used in the Ramseycomb method to excite the two-photon 4p 6 → 4p 5 5p[1/2] 0 transition. For the 84 Kr isotope, we find a transition frequency of 2829833101679(103) kHz. The fractional accuracy of 3.7 × 10 −11 is 34 times better than previous measurements, and also the isotope shifts are measured with improved accuracy. This demonstration shows the potential of Ramsey-comb excitation for precision spectroscopy at short wavelengths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Doppler Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-accuracy deep-UV Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in krypton

Galtier¹,

Altmann²,

Dreissen³

et al. 2016

Appl. Phys. B

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“…In attempts to break selection rules by going to shorter wavelength light, for example, X-rays [30], the transitions necessarily involve core orbitals of comparable short length scale, so that the effect is less dramatic than that presented here. Finally, while our technique applies to any S to D transitions, it may not apply to 1S to 3S transitions such as described in [31]. This is because the quadratic potential still gives rise to zero matrix element between two S states because of symmetry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection rule engineering of forbidden transitions of a hydrogen atom near a nanogap

Kim

2017

Nanophotonics

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Abstract:We perform an analytical study on the allowance of forbidden transitions for a hydrogen atom placed near line dipole sources, mimicking light emanating from a one-dimensional metallic nanogap. It is shown that the rapid variation of the electric field vector, inevitable in the near zone, completely breaks the selection rule of Δl = ± 1. While the forbidden transitions between spherically symmetric S states, such as 2S to 1S or 3S to 1S (Δl = 0), are rather robust against selection rule breakage, Δl = ±2 transitions such as between 3D and 1S or 3D and 2S states are very vulnerable to the spatial variation of the perturbing electric field. Transitions between 2S and 3D states are enhanced by many orders of magnitude, aided by the quadratic nature of both the perturbing Hamiltonian and D wavefunctions. The forbidden dipole moment, which approaches one Bohr radius times the electric charge in the vicinity of the gap, can be written in a simple closed form owing to the one-dimensional nature of our gap. With large enough effective volume together with the symmetric nature of the excited state wavefunctions, our work paves way towards atomic physics application of infinitely long nanogaps.

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“…The essential idea of a frequency comb is that a train of mode-locked laser pulses implies a spectrum consisting of narrow equidistant peaks in the frequency domain, distributed around the central laser frequency [1,2]. Such a spectral ruler with narrow lines is useful for precise measurement of transition frequencies in atoms and molecules [3][4][5][6][7], for atomic clocks [8,9] or for calibration [10]. Pulses within the train are nearly identical, except that the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) changes from pulse to pulse due to intracavity dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs from high-order harmonic generation with few-cycle pulse trains

Tudorovskaya

Lein

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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The spectrum of a high-repetition train of laser pulses consists of many equally spaced lines, forming an optical frequency comb which is useful for high-precision spectroscopy. By exposing atoms to a train of strong pulses, frequency combs reaching into the extreme ultraviolet may be produced via high-order harmonic generation. Here, we report a theoretical study of extreme-ultraviolet frequency-comb generation by trains of few-cycle pulses. We analyze the nontrivial comb structure arising from overlapping harmonic orders. The spacings of the comb lines and their dependence on the offset frequency of the incident pulse train are discussed.

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Spectroscopy of the hydrogen1S−3Stransition with chirped laser pulses

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

High-accuracy deep-UV Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in krypton

High-accuracy deep-UV Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in krypton

Selection rule engineering of forbidden transitions of a hydrogen atom near a nanogap

Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs from high-order harmonic generation with few-cycle pulse trains

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