Spectrum occupancy analysis of cooperative relaying technique for cognitive radio networks

Abstract

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is a successful solution for the spectrum scarcity problem. In DSA, unlicensed users can gain access to licensed spectrum in a way that does not harm the licensed transmission. Many technical solutions are proposed to efficiently facilitate DSA. This paper analyzes the benefits of using cooperative relaying technique on the spectrum occupancy for the unlicensed transmissions. A slotted access with interweave spectrum sharing is modeled using stationary discrete time Markov chains for both non-cooperative and cooperative unlicensed transmissions. Furthermore, the effect of the cooperation level among the unlicensed users on the achieved throughput is investigated. The results show that the mechanism of cooperative relaying is more efficient in utilizing the unused spectrum especially in crowded spectrum. Moreover, the relative average throughput increases as the cooperation increases due to efficient utilization of the spectrum holes.

Energy Efficient Dynamic Bid Learning Model for Future Wireless Network

“…In the tuple below, where the reserve price is assumed to be varying between 4 and 4.5. � � � �� , 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3] � � � ��.�, �, �.�, �,�.�� (6) At the beginning of the exploration period when � is set to 10% of maximum �. The � � in the record for � � are all be zero while some of � � would be zero and others would have different percentages based on the reserve price.…”

“…Previously, this method of allocation worked perfectly however, due to an increase and variation in the demand for the use of the radio spectrum, this scheme is leading to "artificial spectrum scarcity" [4]. This is because the paucity of the radio spectrum depends on location (space) and the time of the day (time) [5][6][7]. In addition to this, fixed spectrum allocation creates spectrum holes also known as white space thereby, degrading the spectral efficiency of the radio spectrum.…”