Spectrum of cardiovascular diseases at a referral tertiary care hospital in Somalia, Mogadishu: an echocardiographic study

Abstract

Background To investigate the frequencies and patterns of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including rheumatic and congenital heart diseases, among patients with abnormal hearts assessed by echocardiographic examination. Methods This retrospective, descriptive registry reviewed abnormal echocardiographic findings of 1140 patients aged 0–100 years who were admitted to the cardiology outpatient clinic at a tertiary training institution in Mogadishu. Results Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) (n:454, 39.8%), valvular heart disease (VHD) (n:395, 34.6%), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (n:351, 30.8%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) were detected in 151 (13.2%) of the patients, with the most common ones including atrial septal defect (ASD) (n:37, 3.2%) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n:26, 2.3%). Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was observed in 84 (7.4%) patients, among whom the most common age range was 16–30 years (40.5%), followed by 31–45 years (31%) and 0–15 years (15.5%). Mitral insufficiency (n:541, 47.5%) was detected as the most frequent VHD, followed by aortic insufficiency (n:437, 38.3%), and tricuspid insufficiency (n:264, 23.2%) and mitral valve stenosis (n:39, 3.4%) was the least common VHD. Conclusion In the present study, we found that HHD was the most common comorbidity, followed by VHD, and HFrEF. Moreover, the most common VHD was mitral insufficiency and the most common CHD was ASD.

Etiologies and Patterns of Valvular Heart Disease Among Cardiac Patients at the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia During February 2000 to April 2022

“… 19 An echocardiographic study done in referral hospitals of Mogadishu also reported that the prevalence of VHD was 34.6% which is in line with the current findings. 20 Another community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, reported the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease was 34 per 1000 among school children. 21 …”

“…19 An echocardiographic study done in referral hospitals of Mogadishu also reported that the prevalence of VHD was 34.6% which is in line with the current findings. 20 Another community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, reported the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease was 34 per 1000 among school children. 21 According to the current study, VHD patterns of VHD were identified and multiple VHDs involving two or more valves were the most commonly diagnosed VHD which was 49.5%.…”