Spectrum of common and uncommon causes of knee joint hyaline cartilage degeneration and their key imaging features

Komarraju, Aparna; Goldberg-Stein, Shlomit; Pederson, Roar; McCrum, Christopher L.; Chhabra, Avneesh

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109097

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…MRI of articular cartilage (AC) has been applied to assess osteoarthritic changes occurring in cartilage with the progression of OA. Traditional MRI evaluates AC morphology and measures cartilage thickness over time [ 249 ]. More advanced MRI techniques can now be used to assess AC matrix composition non-invasively to detect early articular changes.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Aggrecan Content And Distribution In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity

Hayes

Melrose

2020

Biomolecules

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This review examines aggrecan’s roles in developmental embryonic tissues, in tissues undergoing morphogenetic transition and in mature weight-bearing tissues. Aggrecan is a remarkably versatile and capable proteoglycan (PG) with diverse tissue context-dependent functional attributes beyond its established role as a weight-bearing PG. The aggrecan core protein provides a template which can be variably decorated with a number of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains including keratan sulphate (KS), human natural killer trisaccharide (HNK-1) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). These convey unique tissue-specific functional properties in water imbibition, space-filling, matrix stabilisation or embryonic cellular regulation. Aggrecan also interacts with morphogens and growth factors directing tissue morphogenesis, remodelling and metaplasia. HNK-1 aggrecan glycoforms direct neural crest cell migration in embryonic development and is neuroprotective in perineuronal nets in the brain. The ability of the aggrecan core protein to assemble CS and KS chains at high density equips cartilage aggrecan with its well-known water-imbibing and weight-bearing properties. The importance of specific arrangements of GAG chains on aggrecan in all its forms is also a primary morphogenetic functional determinant providing aggrecan with unique tissue context dependent regulatory properties. The versatility displayed by aggrecan in biodiverse contexts is a function of its GAG side chains.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Aggrecan Content And Distribution In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity

Hayes

Melrose

2020

Biomolecules

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“…However, as hyaline cartilage, articular cartilage lacks the nutritional support of blood vessels, nerves and other tissues. It can only obtain nutrition through the synovial fluid secreted by the synovium, and therefore lacks intrinsic regenerative capabilities (1)(2)(3) . As an important part of the knee joint, the meniscus also plays an essential role in maintaining the stability of the joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an important part of the knee joint, the meniscus also plays an essential role in maintaining the stability of the joint. Meniscal tears will cause changes in the weight-bearing capacity of the knee joint, often secondary to the destruction of the integrity of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone disease, and eventually lead to knee osteoarthritis, joint dysfunction and even disability (1,4). Therefore, early detection of articular cartilage lesions, and intervention, is especially critical for patients with meniscus tear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative MRI evaluation of articular cartilage in patients with meniscus tear

Chen

Hou²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess quantitatively articular cartilage volume, thickness, and T2 value alterations in meniscus tear patients.Materials and methodsThe study included 32 patients with meniscus tears (17 females, 15 males; mean age: 40.16 ± 11.85 years) and 24 healthy controls (12 females; 12 males; mean age: 36 ± 9.14 years). All subjects were examined by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D dual-echo steady-state (DESS) and T2 mapping images. All patients underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and treatment. Cartilage thickness, cartilage volume and T2 values of 21 subregions of knee cartilage were measured using the prototype KneeCaP software (version 2.1; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Mann-Whitney-U tests were utilized to determine if there were any significant differences among subregional articular cartilage volume, thickness and T2 value between patients with meniscus tear and the control group.ResultsThe articular cartilage T2 values in all subregions of the femur and tibia in the meniscus tear group were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than in the healthy control group. The cartilage thickness of the femoral condyle medial, femur trochlea, femur condyle lateral central, tibia plateau medial anterior and patella facet medial inferior in the meniscus tear group were slightly higher than in the control group (p< 0.05). In the femur trochlea medial, patella facet medial inferior, tibia plateau lateral posterior and tibia plateau lateral central, there were significant differences in relative cartilage volume percentage between the meniscus tear group and the healthy control group (p< 0.05). Nineteen patients had no cartilage abnormalities (Grade 0) in the meniscus tear group, as confirmed by arthroscopic surgery, and their T2 values in most subregions were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those of the healthy control group.ConclusionThe difference in articular cartilage indexes between patients with meniscus tears and healthy people without such tears can be detected by using quantitative MRI. Quantitative T2 values enable early and sensitive detection of early cartilage lesions.

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“…With an aging population, musculoskeletal diseases remain a worldwide challenge, both economical and therapeutic, for public health (Woolf and Pfleger, 2003;Sanchez-Adams et al, 2014;Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra, 2019). Among these diseases, those including articular cartilage degeneration are very deleterious by contributing to the societal burden through disability and morbidity (Woolf and Pfleger, 2003;Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra, 2019;Komarraju et al, 2020). Cicuttini et al (2005) examined a population of healthy, middle-aged subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a pathological early degeneration of articular cartilage can ensue following osteoarthritis (OA), trauma, or other causes (infections, hereditary conditions, etc.) (Komarraju et al, 2020). OA is estimated to be the most common affliction triggering cartilage degeneration by affecting more than 300 million patients all around the world and more than 40% of the elderly older than 70 years (Hunter and Bierma-Zeinstra, 2019;Magnusson et al, 2019;Kolasinski et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration?

Velot

Madry

Venkatesan

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“Extracellular vesicles” (EVs) is a term gathering biological particles released from cells that act as messengers for cell-to-cell communication. Like cells, EVs have a membrane with a lipid bilayer, but unlike these latter, they have no nucleus and consequently cannot replicate. Several EV subtypes (e.g., exosomes, microvesicles) are described in the literature. However, the remaining lack of consensus on their specific markers prevents sometimes the full knowledge of their biogenesis pathway, causing the authors to focus on their biological effects and not their origins. EV signals depend on their cargo, which can be naturally sourced or altered (e.g., cell engineering). The ability for regeneration of adult articular cartilage is limited because this avascular tissue is partly made of chondrocytes with a poor proliferation rate and migration capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) had been extensively used in numerous in vitro and preclinical animal models for cartilage regeneration, and it has been demonstrated that their therapeutic effects are due to paracrine mechanisms involving EVs. Hence, using MSC-derived EVs as cell-free therapy tools has become a new therapeutic approach to improve regenerative medicine. EV-based therapy seems to show similar cartilage regenerative potential compared with stem cell transplantation without the associated hindrances (e.g., chromosomal aberrations, immunogenicity). The aim of this short review is to take stock of occurring EV-based treatments for cartilage regeneration according to their healing effects. The article focuses on cartilage regeneration through various sources used to isolate EVs (mature or stem cells among others) and beneficial effects depending on cargos produced from natural or tuned EVs.

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Spectrum of common and uncommon causes of knee joint hyaline cartilage degeneration and their key imaging features

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity

Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity

Quantitative MRI evaluation of articular cartilage in patients with meniscus tear

Is Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy the Next Answer for Cartilage Regeneration?

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