Spectrum of fungal keratitis in central China

Wang, Liya; Sun, Shiping; Jing, Yang; Han, Lei; Zhang, Hongmin; Yue, Jun

doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02155.x

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Ocular trauma with vegetative matter was the most important risk factor. Similar findings were observed by Wang L, et al (2009) Chowdhary A, et al (2005) and Bharathi MJ, et al (2003).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Study of Keratomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Visakhapatnam, India

Neeli¹,

Parvathi²

2016

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Ocular trauma with vegetative matter was the most important risk factor. Similar findings were observed by Wang L, et al (2009) Chowdhary A, et al (2005) and Bharathi MJ, et al (2003).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Study of Keratomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Visakhapatnam, India

Neeli¹,

Parvathi²

2016

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Plant foreign bodies are important vectors of corneal contamination -the fungal keratitis in eight patients was caused by plant foreign bodies, which correlates with values found in studies by Wang et al and Xie et al 21,22 In one rare case, the patient was stung in the cornea by a bee. When this occurs, the venom and toxins from the bee sting are injected into the cornea and can cause pathological effects at the ocular surface, including conjunctive hyperemia, corneal edema and bullous keratopathy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

The role of in vivo confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of hidden corneal foreign bodies

et al. 2013

J Int Med Res

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Objective: To investigate in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to diagnose hidden corneal foreign bodies. Methods: Male Kunming mice (n ¼ 25; 12 weeks old) were anaesthetized prior to the insertion of five different materials (spiny wood, rusty iron, sharp stone, sharp glass fragment and human hair fragment) into the cornea by different traumatic processes. A separate mouse was used for each corneal foreign body. The corneas of the mice were scanned 24 h later by a laser scanning IVCM to establish the characteristics (shape, reflectivity and depth in the cornea) of each foreign body. These findings were used to help screen and identify corneal foreign bodies in patients. Corneal smears and scraping cultures were performed in cases of probable corneal infection. Results: Animal models for the five different foreign particles were established successfully, with each showing distinctive characteristics. These animal results were used to diagnose 41 patients with suspected corneal foreign bodies who were negative by slit lamp examination, but positive by IVCM (observational case series). The most prevalent type of hidden foreign body was plant material (51.2%), followed by metal (29.3%). Ten patients with corneal foreign bodies developed fungal keratitis, found using IVCM. Conclusions: Laser IVCM is an effective and reliable tool for the diagnosis of hidden corneal foreign bodies.

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“…These isolates were identified based on morphology by standard methods (22,23,25). They included 136 Fusarium isolates, 98 Aspergillus isolates, and 10 Alternaria alternata isolates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroActivity of Thimerosal against Ocular Pathogenic Fungi

Pang

Zhao

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of thimerosal versus those of amphotericin B and natamycin was assessed against 244 ocular fungal isolates. The activity of thimerosal against Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Alternaria alternata was 256 times, 512 times, and 128 times, respectively, greater than that of natamycin and 64 times, 32 times, and 32 times, respectively, greater than that of amphotericin B. Thimerosal's antifungal activity was significantly superior to those of amphotericin B and natamycin against ocular pathogenic fungi in vitro.The problem of keratomycosis in developing countries like China is more acute because of its higher incidence and the unavailability of effective antifungals (18,28,30). To date, only fluconazole and natamycin are commercially available for ocular use in China. Fluconazole has high bioavailability against Candida spp., but Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. are resistant to it (3,27,29). Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. are more commonly associated with keratomycosis, while Candida spp. are rarely implicated as etiological agents of keratomycosis in China (23,26). Natamycin is the only topical ophthalmic antifungal compound approved in the United States (14). Natamycin is poorly soluble in water. After topical application, natamycin penetrates the cornea and conjunctiva poorly and effective drug levels are not achieved in either the cornea or the aqueous humor (15); it is therefore useful only in the treatment of superficial keratomycosis. Due to the relative unavailability of effective antifungals, keratomycosis fails to resolve in many of the patients who receive antifungal treatment; some patients experience vision loss and eventually corneal perforation, ultimately require penetrating keratoplasty, or even enucleation or evisceration (20,28). Therefore, it is very important and urgent to explore broad-spectrum antifungals to effectively suppress a wide variety of ocular fungal pathogens and to develop new antifungal eye drops to combat this vision-threatening infection.Thimerosal is a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic solutions, otic drops, topical medicine, and vaccines because of its bactericidal property. However, the efficacy of thimerosal against ocular pathogenic fungi has not been evaluated so far. The present study was performed to determine the antifungal activity of thimerosal versus those of amphotericin B and natamycin against ocular pathogenic fungi in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the antifungal activity of thimerosal against main ocular pathogenic fungi. Results obtained in this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal eye drops.Two hundred forty-four strains of fungi isolated from patients with keratomycosis from the Henan Eye Institute in Zhengzhou, China, were investigated. These isolates were identified based on morphology by standard methods (22,23,25). They included 136 Fusarium isolates, 98 Aspergillus isolates, and 10 Alternaria alternata isolates. Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was used as quality...

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Spectrum of fungal keratitis in central China

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Study of Keratomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Visakhapatnam, India

Study of Keratomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Visakhapatnam, India

The role of in vivo confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of hidden corneal foreign bodies

In VitroActivity of Thimerosal against Ocular Pathogenic Fungi

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