Spectrum of Poisoning and Outcome among Children in a Tertiary Hospital, North-East Nigeria: A 20 Years Restrospective Review, 2000-2019

Isaac, Warnow Elon; Jalo, Iliya; Adamu, Sani; Apllos, Daniel; Oyeniyi, Christianah

doi:10.4236/ojped.2022.121012

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“… 5 8 14 17 Conversely, a notably lower rate 0.23% was reported in Gombe, Nigeria. 20 These regional variations can be attributed to differences in access to medical care, the availability of toxic agents, and differences in poison reporting systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and clinical outcomes of childhood poisoning presenting to a children’s emergency department in Yenagoa, Nigeria: a 10-year retrospective study

Areprekumor,

Joboy-Okei,

Amadin

et al. 2024

bmjpo

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IntroductionBackground: Childhood poisoning, characterised by exposure to toxic substances, poses a global health concern with variations across regions. Despite the importance of having current information about childhood acute poisoning in our region, there is a noticeable gap in such research in our local context. Regularly reviewing the agents responsible for poisoning in our locale is essential for devising prevention strategies and treatment approaches. This study aimed to examine the patterns and outcomes of childhood poisoning at the Children’s Emergency Department of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analysing cases of childhood poisoning in the Children’s Emergency Ward, presenting from January 2013 to December 2022. Sociodemographic data, types of poisoning agents, home interventions, clinical features and outcomes were extracted from medical records.ResultsOf 9389 admissions, 81 (0.8%) cases were admitted for childhood poisoning, but only 69 cases were analysed (total n=69). Children aged under 5 years (52.2%) and who were males (59.4%) were mostly involved. Organophosphates (21.7%) and kerosene (20.3%) were common poisoning agents, often accidental (72.5%) and occurring at home (94.2%). Delayed hospital presentation (>2 hours) was common (68.1%). Vomiting (72.5%) and drooling saliva (56.5%) were prevalent symptoms. Hydration (60.9%) was the main hospital intervention, while antidotes were infrequently used (15.9%). Mortality was 8.7%, predominantly due to kerosene ingestion in young children.ConclusionOrganophosphate and kerosene poisoning are the most common in this facility. Enforcement challenges persist, emphasising the importance of safe storage practices and improved poison control measures. Addressing resource constraints for antidote availability and increasing awareness are vital for effective management and prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and clinical outcomes of childhood poisoning presenting to a children’s emergency department in Yenagoa, Nigeria: a 10-year retrospective study

Areprekumor,

Joboy-Okei,

Amadin

et al. 2024

bmjpo

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“…2 In just 16 African countries, it was estimated that unintentional poisoning accounted for 16,500 deaths and 1,128,500 disability-adjusted life years. 3,4 Nonetheless, this issue continues to be inadequately characterized in African nations, primarily due to the scarcity of data and the near absence of poison centers (PCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisoning patterns and factors associated with treatment outcomes among patients: A case study of Kiambu county hospitals, Kenya

Githinji,

Mungoma,

Fossa

et al. 2023

Toxicology Research and Application

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Background Rising poisoning incidences worldwide, primarily in developing countries, remain ambiguous due to paucity of data and poison centres. This study evaluates patterns and factors causing poor outcomes in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods A records-based retrospective cross-sectional study of poisoning cases who presented to nine facilities between June 2015 and July 2020 was conducted. The data collected was analysed through descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression using STATA version 13. Results Kiambu county has a minimum prevalence of poisoning of 3.2%. A total of 434 cases were studied. Most cases (85.5%) resulted from acute exposures, with 75% being intentional. Pesticides (61.1%), paraffin (18.7%), alcohol (6.5%), and pharmaceutical drugs (4.4%) were the primary poisons used. 3.9% didn't fit these categories, while 5.5% remained unknown. Common presentations at admission were vomiting (35.3%) and unconsciousness (21.6%). Pesticides were responsible for 72.0% of deaths. Sequelae occurred in 7.8%, full but delayed recovery in 17.6%, and 6.0% died. The largest cluster of total cases was found in Thika town sub-county. It also contained the primary clusters of alcohol and pesticide poisoning. Being male (AOR 4.577, 95% CI [1.244–16.842]) was significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Regardless of the poison, the majority 78.8% made a full recovery. Conclusion Due to the lack of standardized poisoning data tools, patient records lack vital information reflecting the quality of care that the patient received, reflecting a lack of structures to collect, analyse and utilise poisoning data for decision making. This study underpins the need for the establishment of a PC in Kiambu county, Kenya.

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“…Childhood injuries represent an immediate and growing global concern (1). Poisoning is among the leading causes of childhood injury globally, and a common reason to visit the emergency department (2,3). A World Health Organisation (WHO) world report on childhood injury prevention noted that poisoning accounts for 10% of unintentional accidents in children less that 15-years-of-age (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of poisoning in children hospitalised at a tertiary-level hospital in South Africa

Khan,

Solomon,

Izu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionGlobally, childhood poisoning, accounts for a significant proportion of emergency department admissions. There is a paucity of data from low- and middle-income countries on poisoning in children.ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, case fatality rate, and types of poisoning in children admitted to a tertiary-level hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study of children hospitalised with poisoning from January 2016 to December 2021 at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. Children were identified from a discharge summary database using ICD-10 codes that describe poisoning. Trends in incidence of poison exposure were reported.ResultsOf the 60,901 admissions during the study period, 2,652 (4.4%) children were diagnosed with poisoning. Most (71.3%) children were less than 5 years of age and 55% were male. The incidence of poisoning per 100,000 was highest at 108.4 (95% CI: 104.3–112.6) in 2019 and decreased to 77.3 (95% CI: 73.9–80.7) in 2020 and 59.6 (95% CI: 56.3–62.5) in 2021. Main causes of poisoning were organic solvents (37.6%), medications (32.9%), and pesticides (17.5%). The overall case fatality rate was 2.1%. In a multivariate analysis, poisoning secondary to pesticides (aOR: 13.9; 95% CI: 4.52–60.8; p < 0.001), and unspecified agents (aOR: 12.7; 95% CI: 3.27–62.8; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased odds of death.ConclusionWe report a high prevalence of poisoning in children hospitalised in this tertiary-level hospital in South Africa. Public health measures to reduce the burden of organic solvents, medications and pesticide poisoning are urgently warranted.

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Spectrum of Poisoning and Outcome among Children in a Tertiary Hospital, North-East Nigeria: A 20 Years Restrospective Review, 2000-2019

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Patterns and clinical outcomes of childhood poisoning presenting to a children’s emergency department in Yenagoa, Nigeria: a 10-year retrospective study

Patterns and clinical outcomes of childhood poisoning presenting to a children’s emergency department in Yenagoa, Nigeria: a 10-year retrospective study

Poisoning patterns and factors associated with treatment outcomes among patients: A case study of Kiambu county hospitals, Kenya

The burden of poisoning in children hospitalised at a tertiary-level hospital in South Africa

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