Spectrum of Schrödinger operators with potential waveguides on periodic graphs

Abstract

We consider discrete Schrödinger operators with periodic potentials on periodic graphs. Their spectra consist of a finite number of bands. We perturb a periodic graph by adding edges in a periodic way (without changing the vertex set) and show that if the length of the added edges tends to infinity, then the perturbed graph is asymptotically isospectral to some periodic graph of a higher dimension but without long edges. We also obtain a criterion for the perturbed graph to be not only asymptotically isospectral but just isospectral to this higher dimensional periodic graph. One of the simplest examples of such asymptotically isospectral periodic graphs is the square lattice perturbed by long edges and the cubic lattice. We also get asymptotics of the endpoints of the spectral bands for the Schrödinger operator on the perturbed graph as the length of the added edges tends to infinity.