Spectrum of Viral Pathogens in Blood of Malaria-Free Ill Travelers Returning to Canada

Kariyawasam, Ruwandi; Lau, Rachel; Eshaghi, Alireza; Patel, Samir N.; Sider, David; Gubbay, Jonathan B.; Boggild, Andrea K.

doi:10.3201/eid2205.151875

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… Tun [ 103 ] Mandalay, Myanmar July–October 2010 Cross sectional 116 7 6 ≤12 IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR NM North America 36. Kariyawasam [ 104 ] Toronto, Canada May 2006-April 2007 and Feb 2013-March 2014 Retrospective analysis 1304 1 0.07 0–91 PCR/PCR DENV-1 37. Lindholm [ 105 ] Maryland, USA Dec 2013-May 2015 Cross sectional 267 2 0.7 25–60 IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR, PRNT/ IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR, PRNT NM South America 38.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence and distribution of coinfection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMalaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and symptoms. Coinfections with any of these diseases could have fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of coinfections is necessary to improve diagnosis and designing therapeutic interventions.MethodsWe have carried out a systematic search of the published literature based on PRISMA guidelines to identify cases of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya coinfections. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies and extracted data regarding cases of coinfection from cross sectional studies, case reports, retrospective studies, prospective observational studies and surveillance reports.ResultsCare full screening resulted in 104 publications that met the eligibility criteria and reported Malaria/Dengue, Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. These coinfections were spread over six geographical locations and 42 different countries and are reported more frequently in the last 15 years possibly due to expanding epidemiology of Dengue and Chikungunya. Few of these reports have also analysed distinguishing features of coinfections. Malaria/Dengue coinfections were the most common coinfection followed by Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. P. falciparum and P. vivax were the commonest species found in cases of malaria coinfections and Dengue serotype-4 commonest serotype in cases of dengue coinfections. Most studies were reported from India. Nigeria and India were the only two countries from where all possible combinations of coinfections were reported.ConclusionWe have comprehensively reviewed the literature associated with cases of coinfections of three important vector borne diseases to present a clear picture of their prevalence and distribution across the globe. The frequency of coinfections presented in the study suggests proper diagnosis, surveillance and management of cases of coinfection to avoid poor prognosis of the underlying etiology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5626-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence and distribution of coinfection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…However, there is an increased prevalence of imported cases of dengue, likely secondary to the rising spread of dengue to new areas combined with the growing rates of international travel. From recent GeoSentinel surveillance data, dengue is now the third most common reason for fever in returning travelers to Canada [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic Parameters of Acute Dengue Fever Versus Other Febrile Illnesses in Ambulatory Returned Travelers

Kain

Jechel

Melvin

et al. 2021

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Purpose of Review Point-of-care dengue diagnostics are unavailable in most settings; thus, diagnosis is clinical until more definitive microbiological testing -such as serology -is resulted. Thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia are common hallmarks of dengue fever; however, neutropenia is a prominent, yet less frequently reported trend. We aimed to identify hematological patterns that can assist frontline clinicians with diagnostic certainty of dengue. Dengue patients presenting to our unit via the Emergency Department were compared to those presenting with other febrile illness (OFI) diagnoses. Patient demographics, day of illness, and neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts from days 1 to 14 of illness were collected, where available. Analyses were stratified by day of illness. Recent Findings Eighteen patients were included in the dengue group and 151 in the OFI group. The frequency of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia was each significantly greater in the dengue cohort than in the OFI group (p < 0.0001). Mean nadir platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in the dengue cohort compared to those with OFI (p < 0.001), and the likelihood of a dengue patient having the constellation of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia on a single CBC during acute illness was 30-fold higher than in the OFI group (p < 0.0001). Summary As dengue-specific diagnostic testing is often limited by insensitive early serologic diagnostics with prolonged turnaround time, the constellation of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia can guide the early diagnostic and treatment approach as well as follow-up of febrile returned travelers with suspected dengue.

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“…10 Although malaria is still the most common cause of fever in travellers returning to Canada, a broader spectrum of other vector-borne and viral infections are being detected over time including measles, CHIKV and dengue virus. 11 Since early 2014 and the initial transmission of the CHIKV to the Caribbean islands, a dramatic increase in CHIKV cases diagnosed in Canada has been seen, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and education for Canadian clinicians and healthcare providers. 12 Figure 1.…”

Section: Description Of Chikv: Pathogenesis and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya virus in Canada

Bami¹,

Elzinga²

2017

UWOMJ

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This article presents a previously reported case involving the first Canadian patient to acquire Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection after travelling to a newly endemic region in the Americas. The specific history and clinical presentation of this patient is examined, including the treatment and complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms. A brief overview of the general disease course and diagnosis of CHIKV is provided. This case emphasizes the importance of global health education in Canadian medical curricula. The current standards of global health education in Canadian medical schools are briefly reviewed and recommendations based on expert opinions are provided. Although such programs exist, their implementation was found to be variable between schools and increased attention and standardization is currently required.

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Spectrum of Viral Pathogens in Blood of Malaria-Free Ill Travelers Returning to Canada

Abstract: Over a 2-year period, common and emerging viruses were documented in >20% of these travelers.

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Global prevalence and distribution of coinfection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya: a systematic review

Global prevalence and distribution of coinfection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya: a systematic review

Hematologic Parameters of Acute Dengue Fever Versus Other Febrile Illnesses in Ambulatory Returned Travelers

Chikungunya virus in Canada

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