Spectrum1k — integrated circuit for medical imaging designed in CMOS 40 nm

Kmon, Piotr; Szczygieł, R.; Kłeczek, Rafał; Górni, D.; Węgrzyn, Grzegorz; Niedzielska, A.; Sitko, K.; Drwal, P.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/c03023

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This working mode introduced another requirement: implementing the CSA discharge system to prevent amplifier saturation after several input stimulations. Pixel size and power consumption should be comparable to other modern Xray imaging pixelated sensor systems (i.e., [4,5]) and not exceed 75×75μm and 100 μW/pixel, respectively.…”

Section: Design Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and measurements of SMAUG1, a prototype ASIC for voltage measurement using noise distribution

Węgrzyn,

Szczygieł

2024

J. Inst.

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We present the implementation of the indirect voltage measurement using a noise distribution algorithm [1] in the prototype application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) SMAUG_ND_1 designed in CMOS 28 nm technology. The chip implements the matrix of 7×7 pixels with the size of 68×68 μm. Each pixel contains eight independent comparators implementing the described algorithm and optional correlated-double-sampling method. The paper describes the ASIC architecture and briefly presents preliminary test results and encountered problems.

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Section: Design Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and measurements of SMAUG1, a prototype ASIC for voltage measurement using noise distribution

Węgrzyn,

Szczygieł

2024

J. Inst.

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“…Such a solution requires a good signal-to-noise ratio, a small pixel size to provide charge sharing between 3 × 3 pixels, and low occupancy of the analog and digital blocks to fit the required functionality inside each read-out channel [11]. Today's technology allows for the implementation of an ADC in each readout channel [12], making it possible to implement a digital algorithm that achieves subpixel resolution. The concept of such an algorithm is based on the fact that the charge cloud is Gaussian distributed.…”

Section: Towards Subpixel Resolution Using Charge Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge sharing simulations and measurements for digital algorithms aiming at subpixel resolution in photon counting pixel detectors

et al. 2023

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Hybrid pixel detectors are segmented devices used for X-ray detection that consist of a sensor attached to the readout electronics. Detectors working in single-photon counting mode process each incoming photon individually, have essentially infinite dynamic range, and by applying energy discrimination they provide noiseless imaging. To improve the resolution of the detector and allow operation with high-intensity photon fluxes, the pixel size is reduced. However, with decreasing pixel size, a charge sharing effect is more prominent. This leads to false event registration or omitting the event, and degradation of the energy resolution of the detector. Algorithms aiming at reducing the influence of charge sharing have already been implemented on-chip. However, the spatial resolution of the detector can be increased beyond the physical size of the pixel if the charge proportions collected by neighboring pixels are analyzed.The simulations show that charge cloud size referred to pixel size and noise are the key parameters that determine the accuracy of the subpixel algorithm. The article shows the concept of subpixel algorithm and the simulations for different detector parameters and approximation algorithms. The slanted-edge method was implemented to quantify the resolution of detectors consisting standard readout architecture. The chips were simulated and tested to verify the influence of different bias voltages, sensor materials, and thicknesses on charge sharing and as a consequence on the detector resolution. The simulated and measured edge spread functions were compared. The results show that the simulator can be used to describe the spatial resolution of the detectors, and can be used for further studies of the resolution of detectors with subpixel algorithm implemented.

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“…Importantly, the required biomedical imaging system should be able to simultaneously record both the intensity and energy of incoming photons, thus enabling so-called color imaging. As a result, ongoing global efforts [4][5][6][7][8] are focused on the development of such imaging systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prototype Radiation Energy Measuring Integrated Circuit with an asynchronous current-pulse reset block providing analog-to-digital conversion in 28 nm CMOS

Kaczmarczyk,

Kmon

2024

J. Inst.

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In this paper we introduce a prototype Radiation Energy Measuring Integrated Circuit (REMIC) fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process. The chip operates in a single-photon counting (SPC) mode and contains 100 pixels with a size of 50 μm × 50 μm. It is designed for precise energy measurements using asynchronous analogue-to-digital conversion. The proposed architecture allows both fast signal processing and precise energy measurement of incoming photons to be performed independently in each pixel, occupying a small pixel area. The integrated circuit (IC) has dimensions of 1.1 mm × 1.1 mm and is currently undergoing preliminary measurements. The paper focuses on the methodology used to mitigate process variations in each of the recording channels.

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Spectrum1k — integrated circuit for medical imaging designed in CMOS 40 nm

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Design and measurements of SMAUG1, a prototype ASIC for voltage measurement using noise distribution

Design and measurements of SMAUG1, a prototype ASIC for voltage measurement using noise distribution

Charge sharing simulations and measurements for digital algorithms aiming at subpixel resolution in photon counting pixel detectors

A prototype Radiation Energy Measuring Integrated Circuit with an asynchronous current-pulse reset block providing analog-to-digital conversion in 28 nm CMOS

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