Speech-Evoked Neurophysiologic Responses in Children with Learning Problems: Development and Behavioral Correlates of Perception

Abstract

Conclusions:The P1/N1/N2 complex changes throughout life from school-age to old age. The developmental sequence throughout the school-age years is similar in normal and LP children. Thus, differences in the rate of P1/N1/N2 latency and amplitude development do not appear to be distinctive in these two populations. The relationship between P1/N1/N2 parameters and standardized measures of learning (particularly between Auditory Processing and N2 latency) provides new information about the role of these responses in hearing and highlights the potential value in characterizing auditory processing deficits.

Neural plasticity following auditory training in children with learning problems

“…Two thousand to 2500 sweeps were averaged off line for an individual's response. For this stimulus and this age range, the strongest and most reliable peaks observed were P1 and N2 (Sharma et al, 1997;Cunningham et al, 2000). Therefore the response latencies and amplitudes of these peaks were measured.…”

“…Relationships between evoked potentials, auditory processing and speech perception have been shown for children with language impairment (Tonnquist-Uhlen, 1996), dyslexia (Bakker and Vinke, 1985;McPherson and Ackerman, 1999), dysphasia (Holopainen et al, 1997), spelling disabilities (Byring and Jarvilehto, 1985), auditory processing disorders (Jirsa and Clontz, 1990) and learning problems (Kraus et al, 1996;Cunningham et al, 2000;King et al, 2002;Wible et al, 2002).…”

Enhancement of brain event-related potentials to speech sounds is associated with compensated reading skills in dyslexic children with familial risk for dyslexia

“…The P1 response originates from the secondary auditory cortex, more specifically from the lateral part of the Heschl's gyrus (LiegeoisChauvel, Musolino, Badier, Marquis, & Chauvel, 1994). N1 peaks in children at 100-150 ms with fronto-central distribution, with the latency decreasing with age (Bruneau & Gomot, 1998;eponien et al, 2002;Cunningham et al, 2000;Sharma, Kraus, McGee, & Nicol, 1997;Tonnquist-Uhlén, Borg, & Spens, 1995;Wunderlich & Cone-Wesson, 2006). N1 has been reliably detected in childhood with long ISIs (> 1 s) only, showing increase with age (e.g., eponien et al, 2002;Gilley, Sharma, Dorman, & Martin, 2005).…”

“…In preschool children, P1 has been recorded at the latency of 80 ms , with latency and amplitude declining with age, such that typical adult latency is observed to be 40-60 ms ( eponien et al, 2005;Cunningham, Nicol, Zecker, & Kraus, 2000;. The P1 response originates from the secondary auditory cortex, more specifically from the lateral part of the Heschl's gyrus (LiegeoisChauvel, Musolino, Badier, Marquis, & Chauvel, 1994).…”

“…N2 peaks at latency around 300-550 ms in early infancy, and it declines to around 220-245 ms until preschool age (Wunderlich & Cone-Wesson, 2006). Amplitude also gradually decreases in school age, stabilizing by early adulthood (Cunningham et al, 2000;Tonnquist-Uhlén, 1996;Wunderlich & ConeWesson, 2006). Curiously, it has been demonstrated that the N2 of 9-year-old children increases in size as a function of stimulus repetition (Karhu et al, 1997).…”