Speech production after stroke: The role of the right pars opercularis

Blank, S. Catrin; Bird, Helen; Turkheimer, Federico; Wise, Richard J. S.

doi:10.1002/ana.10656

Cited by 133 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Indeed, the response of this right-sided network to practice mimicked that observed in the left frontal cortex in control subjects. In the same vein, lesions localized to the pars opercularis of the third frontal gyrus on the left have been shown to affect activation of homologous right-sided regions during production of propositional speech compared with both healthy subjects and patients with frontal lesions sparing this critical lesion site (32). Converging evidence comes from studies using TMS which have inhibited right hemispheric areas in recovered patients.…”

Section: Language Recovery Poststrokementioning

confidence: 97%

Renewal of the Neurophysiology of Language: Functional Neuroimaging

Démonet¹,

Thierry²,

Cardebat³

2005

Physiological Reviews

371

207

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Functional neuroimaging methods have reached maturity. It is now possible to start to build the foundations of a physiology of language. The remarkable number of neuroimaging studies performed so far illustrates the potential of this approach, which complements the classical knowledge accumulated on aphasia. Here we attempt to characterize the impact of the functional neuroimaging revolution on our understanding of language. Although today considered as neuroimaging techniques, we refer less to electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies than to positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, which deal more directly with the question of localization and functional neuroanatomy. This review is structured in three parts. 1) Because of their rapid evolution, we address technical and methodological issues to provide an overview of current procedures and sketch out future perspectives. 2) We review a set of significant results acquired in normal adults (the core of functional imaging studies) to provide an overview of language mechanisms in the “standard” brain. Single-word processing is considered in relation to input modalities (visual and auditory input), output modalities (speech and written output), and the involvement of “central” semantic processes before sentence processing and nonstandard language (illiteracy, multilingualism, and sensory deficits) are addressed. 3) We address the influence of plasticity on physiological functions in relation to its main contexts of appearance, i.e., development and brain lesions, to show how functional imaging can allow fine-grained approaches to adaptation, the fundamental property of the brain. In closing, we consider future developments for language research using functional imaging.

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Section: Language Recovery Poststrokementioning

confidence: 97%

Renewal of the Neurophysiology of Language: Functional Neuroimaging

Démonet¹,

Thierry²,

Cardebat³

2005

Physiological Reviews

371

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One H 2 15 O activation study revealed patients who recovered from hemiplegic stroke showed bilateral activation of motor cortices during finger movement of the affected hand, whereas movement of the normal hand's fingers only resulted in the activation of the contralateral motor cortex and the ipsilateral cerebellum (16). In another study, patients with nonfluent aphasia due to left anterior perisylvian infarction, including the left pars opercularis with subsequent recovery, were compared with two control groups: normal subjects and anterior aphasic patients with sparing of the left pars opercularis (17). During production of propositional speech, the left pars opercularis infarct group showed increased activation of the homotopic right pars opercularis when compared with the two control groups.…”

Section: Stroke and Neuronal Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Medicine Successes in Neuroscience

Schaller

Cornelius

Sandu

2008

Mol Med

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“…While this region is reliably activated in response to more nonlinguistic cognitive tasks (Kennerley, Walton, Behrens, Buckley, & Rushworth, 2006;Lovstad et al, 2012;Torta & Cauda, 2011), activity has also been observed in response to language tasks (Blank et al, 2003;Price, 2012;Warburton et al, 1999). In aphasic patients, the engagement of right frontal regions associated with improved language outcome has been observed from the acute to the subacute phase (Saur et al, 2006), in the subacute (Saur et al, 2010) and chronic (Blank et al, 2003) phases, and also in treatment induced recovery ).…”

Section: Relationship Between Chronic Brain Activity and Language Recmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent functional neuroimaging research has indicated that right hemisphere involvement is more than a shift of lateralisation and propose that it is actually the homologous regions in the right hemisphere that are implicated in language recovery (Blank, Bird, Turkheimer, & Wise, 2003;Calvert et al, 2000;Cao, Vikingstad, George, Johnson, & Welch, 1999;Crosson et al, 2007;Lazar et al, 2000;Thulborn, Carpenter, & Just, 1999;Weiller et al, 1995).…”

Section: Stages Of Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In aphasic patients, the engagement of right frontal regions associated with improved language outcome has been observed from the acute to the subacute phase (Saur et al, 2006), in the subacute (Saur et al, 2010) and chronic (Blank et al, 2003) phases, and also in treatment induced recovery ).…”

Section: Relationship Between Chronic Brain Activity and Language Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurophysiological Markers of Language Recovery in Subacute Stroke

Roxbury¹

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Most patients with aphasia recover language function to some degree, but there is significant variability in the speed, nature, and extent of language recovery that occurs in the months following a stroke. Currently, there is no effective method available to predict how an individual with aphasia will recover. The most accurate predictors of recovery to date rely on global outcome measures which do not provide relevant information regarding recovery of symptoms that are targeted in therapy. The overall goal of this thesis was to examine whether language-related brain activity predicted recovery of specific symptoms in aphasia. The first aim was to gain a clearer understanding of the neural mechanisms which underpin word processing in healthy individuals.Brain activity associated with spoken word processing was investigated firstly in a group of healthy young adults, then in a healthy older cohort in order to ascertain whether task performance was preserved in ageing and if so, whether a preserved performance was underpinned by age-related changes in the neural mechanisms. The second main aim was to investigate the neural substrates which underpin language processing in the subacute (2-6 weeks) and chronic (6 months) phases of aphasia recovery and to determine whether the timing and extent to which these mechanisms are recruited contributes to a good or poor language outcome. An auditory lexical decision task with a novel pseudoword condition was employed to investigate language recovery mechanisms and was selected to ensure that patients with aphasia in the subacute stage would be able to perform the task with sufficient accuracy. The real word stimuli consisted of concrete and abstract items. The stimuli were presented in an event-related fMRI task to young healthy controls, older healthy controls, and patients with aphasia during the subacute and chronic phases post-stroke. A range of behavioural language measures was administered to all three cohorts and at both time points for patients with aphasia.In the healthy young group, concrete words elicited increased activity in a widely distributed network of brain regions including bilateral angular gyrus (AG), left posterior cingulate and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared to abstract words. Meanwhile, no region showed increased activity for abstract compared to concrete words, rather differences were only observed in bilateral AG when abstract words were contrasted with pseudowords. In the healthy older group, region of interest (ROI) results identified that a preserved performance was associated with an altered pattern of left hemisphere activity in the inferior and middle frontal regions, the AG and the fusiform gyrus.Differences between the healthy older and healthy young group were identified in key language regions, with the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) showing increased activity for abstract and pseudowords compared to concrete words while increased activity in the left AG was observed in the younger group only.ii In patients with a...

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Speech production after stroke: The role of the right pars opercularis

Cited by 133 publications

References 31 publications

Renewal of the Neurophysiology of Language: Functional Neuroimaging

Renewal of the Neurophysiology of Language: Functional Neuroimaging

Molecular Medicine Successes in Neuroscience

Neurophysiological Markers of Language Recovery in Subacute Stroke

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