Speech Rate, Pause and Sociolinguistic Variation

Kendall, Tyler

doi:10.1057/9781137291448

Cited by 85 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…It fits into the broader goal of recent work of explaining the sources of variation in spontaneous speech by reference to cognitive factors about which much is independently known-such as priming, memory, how speakers use pauses, and speech perception (e.g., Kendall, 2013;Labov, 2010;Tamminga, 2014)-building on the rich literatures charting the extent of this variation as a function of linguistic, extralinguistic, and social factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This result suggests that pause duration (and any other correlates with boundary strength) should be treated as independent of the following segment, and ideally as a gradient variable, in future work. 16 These methodological changes may help to clarify the interplay between segmental and prosodic factors in conditioning deletion rate, in line with Kendall's (2013) suggestion that variable processes can be better understood by a more detailed consideration of the role of prosodic information (pauses and speech rate). The suggested methodological change applies more generally to sociolinguistic, phonetic, and phonological studies of any variable process that can take place across word boundaries, such as final [t]-deletion in German and Dutch (closely related to English CSD) or Spanish /s/-lenition; in these literatures, 'pause' (as a proxy for boundary strength) is often treated as a possible following context (e.g., File-Muriel & Brown, 2011;Schuppler et al, 2012).…”

Section: Boundary Strengthmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…There are many measures of prosodic boundary strength, and for simplicity we will focus in this paper on the presence and duration of pauses (Goldman-Eisler, 1972;Grosjean & Collins, 1979;Kendall, 2013;Krivokapić, 2007;Price et al, 1991). In sociolinguistic literature on CSD, a following pause is treated as an environment on par with that of a following consonant or a following vowel.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Production planning and coronal stop deletion in spontaneous speech

Tanner

Sonderegger

Wagner

2017

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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Many phonological processes can be affected by segmental context spanning word boundaries, which often lead to variable outcomes. This paper tests the idea that some of this variability can be explained by reference to production planning. We examine coronal stop deletion (CSD), a variable process conditioned by preceding and upcoming phonological context, in a corpus of spontaneous British English speech, as a means of investigating a number of variables associated with planning: Prosodic boundary strength, word frequency, conditional probability of the following word, and speech rate. From the perspective of production planning, (1) prosodic boundaries should affect deletion rate independently of following context; (2) given the locality of production planning, the effect of the following context should decrease at stronger prosodic boundaries; and (3) other factors affecting planning scope should modulate the effect of upcoming phonological material above and beyond the modulating effect of prosodic boundaries. We build a statistical model of CSD realization, using pause length as a quantitative proxy for boundary strength, and find support for these predictions. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the locality of production planning constrains variability in speech production, and have practical implications for work on CSD and other variable processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Boundary Strengthmentioning

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production planning and coronal stop deletion in spontaneous speech

Tanner

Sonderegger

Wagner

2017

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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“…In fact, studies in phonetics talk about "emergent speech rate" that can be relatively consistent over long stretches of speech (White, 2014). Furthermore, pause duration is likely to have a substantial effect on the reading rate (Kendall, 2013) yet previous research on pausing in story-telling suggests that this can be highly idiosyncratic.…”

Section: Content and Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Understanding Text Factors in Oral Reading

Loukina

Liceralde

Klebanov

2018

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter Of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Hu

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Using a case study, we show that variation in oral reading rate across passages for professional narrators is consistent across readers and much of it can be explained using features of the texts being read. While text complexity is a poor predictor of the reading rate, a substantial share of variability can be explained by timing and story-based factors with performance reaching r=0.75 for unseen passages and narrator.

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“…For this process, pauses were defined as speech intervals longer than 0.2 s (cf. Kendall, 2013). Next, each speech unit separated by pauses was annotated with spoken script.…”

Section: Method: Pause Insertion Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic Structure, Speech Units and Facial Movements: Multimodal Corpus Analysis of English Public Speaking

Fuyuno¹,

Yamashita

Saitoh

et al.

EPiC Series in Language and Linguistics

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This study examines connections between semantic structure and speech units and characteristics of facial movements in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' public speech. The data were obtained from a multimodal corpus of English public speaking constructed from digital audio and video data from an English speech contest held at a Japanese high school. Evaluation data of contest judges were also included. For the audio data, speech pauses were extracted using acoustic analysis software. The spoken content (i.e. text) of each speech unit between two pauses was then annotated. The semantic structures of the speech units were analysed based on segmental chunks of clauses. Motion capturing was applied to the video data. 42 tracking points were set on the speaker's eyes, eyebrows, nose, lips and jawline. The results indicated: (1) Speakers with higher evaluations showed similar semantic structure patterns in speech units. Pause patterns and evaluation scores showed a strong correlation. (2) Face roll movement frequencies and the angles of face rolls for eye contact suggest that speakers with higher performance evaluations shared characteristic facial movement frequencies and degrees. These results may allow us to define model patterns for inserting pauses into public speech and develop facial movement criteria that effectively describe good eye contact patterns in public speaking.

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Speech Rate, Pause and Sociolinguistic Variation

Cited by 85 publications

References 0 publications

Production planning and coronal stop deletion in spontaneous speech

Production planning and coronal stop deletion in spontaneous speech

Towards Understanding Text Factors in Oral Reading

Semantic Structure, Speech Units and Facial Movements: Multimodal Corpus Analysis of English Public Speaking

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