Speed-Dependent Body Weight Supported Sit-to-Stand Training in Chronic Stroke

Abstract

Speed-dependent BWS STS training appears to be a feasible and promising method to increase STS independence and speed for persons with chronic stroke. In this small case series, a potential transfer effect to gait parameters was also observed. Future randomized controlled study is warranted to evaluate efficacy and long-term effects.

Kinematic and electromyographic analyses of normal and device-assisted sit-to-stand transfers

“…The benefit of deviceassisted transfers is that they reduce the physical demands placed on clinicians, and thus injury risk [12]. While the kinematics of device-assisted best-effort transfers are not identical to normal sitto-stand transfers, the effort of practicing may still be beneficial in helping build muscle strength and joint flexibility [20]. The current study's findings suggest that clinicians should consider encouraging active patient engagement during device-assisted transfers when clinically feasible.…”

“…Additionally, traditional approaches to using automated devices often do not encourage patients to try to stand-up, thus may discourage active muscle engagement compared to clinician-assisted transfers. Clinicians' concerns regarding mechanical sit-to-stand devices arise in part from current practice paradigms that emphasize intensive, taskspecific training for promoting recovery of function and cortical reorganization following neurologic injury [20,21].…”

Tests for clinical assessment of the stand-to-sit/sit-to-stand in subjects post-stroke: a systematic review.

“…The majority of studies (13/15, 86.6%) had a score of moderate quality (5,6,8,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) and the other with lower quality (2/15, 13.4%) (27,28) (5,6,17,18,(20)(21)(22)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) "the number of test repetitions stand-up / sit down on chair in 30 seconds "(1/15, 6.7%) (23) and "test number of repetitions stand-up / sit down on chair 60 seconds "(1/15, 6.7%) (19) ( Table 2). The tests were used to refer to functionality, (22,27) muscle strength in lower limb (17,25) performance from sitting to standing (19) and balance.…”

“…(6) Most studies (10/15, 80%) (5,6,(17)(18)(19)(21)(22)(23)(24)27) utilized sample size greater than 12 individuals, independent ambulating for 10 meters with or without assistive device and mean age between 42 to 59.5 years (5,6,17,18,20,25,26) or 60 to 81.2 years. (8,19,(21)(22)(23)(24)27,28) Approximately 93.3% of studies (14/15) described the injury time of the individuals assessed, given as greater than 11 months (5,6,8,17,18,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) (Table 2).…”

“…(5,6) The first clinical trial to evaluate the proposed stand-up / sit down in the chair was called "timed-stands test" and given the time spent to perform ten repetitions stand-up/sit down on chair. (7) This test was subsequently adapted for versions with fewer repetitions (8) or number of repetitions performed at a given time. (9) The version called "test of five repetitions stand-up/sit down on chair" ("five -repetition sit-to-stand test ") has been the most frequently used and already had adequate reliability results in individuals with cerebral palsy (10) and good clinical applicability in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.…”