Speed of back-swimming of<i>Lymnaea</i>

Aono, Kanako; Fusada, Ayachika; Fusada, Yorichika; Ishii, Wataru; Kanaya, Yuji; Komuro, Mami; Matsui, Kanae; Meguro, Satoru; Miyamae, Ayumi; Miyamae, Yurie; Murata, Aya; Narita, Shizuka; Nozaka, Hiroe; Saito, Wakana; Watanabe, Ayumi; Nishikata, Kaori; Kanazawa, Akira; Fujito, Yutaka; Okada, Ryuichi; Lukowiak, Ken; Ito, Etsuro

doi:10.1556/abiol.59.2008.suppl.17

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that in the frilled sea hare Bursatella leachi plei , only a daily locomotion rhythm has been demonstrated so far, with ambiguous evidence of the circadian rhythm (Block and Roberts 1981 ). In L. stagnalis , diurnal and circadian rhythms in locomotion have been demonstrated (Wagatsuma et al 2004 ), with faint evidence of diurnal rhythmicity in back-swimming speed (Aono et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Gastropod Photoperiodismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails

Hamanaka,

Hasebe,

Shiga

2023

J Comp Physiol A

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The photoperiodic mechanism distinguishes between long and short days, and the circadian clock system is involved in this process. Although the necessity of circadian clock genes for photoperiodic responses has been demonstrated in many species, how the clock system contributes to photoperiodic mechanisms remains unclear. A comprehensive study, including the functional analysis of relevant genes and physiology of their expressing cells, is necessary to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Since Drosophila melanogaster exhibits a shallow photoperiodism, photoperiodic mechanisms have been studied in non-model species, starting with brain microsurgery and neuroanatomy, followed by genetic manipulation in some insects. Here, we review and discuss the involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodic mechanisms in terms of neural networks in insects. We also review recent advances in the neural mechanisms underlying photoperiodic responses in insects and snails, and additionally circadian clock systems in snails, whose involvement in photoperiodism has hardly been addressed yet. Brain neurosecretory cells, insulin-like peptide/diuretic hormone44-expressing pars intercerebralis neurones in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris and caudo-dorsal cell hormone-expressing caudo-dorsal cells in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, both promote egg laying under long days, and their electrical excitability is attenuated under short and medium days, which reduces oviposition. The photoperiodic responses of the pars intercerebralis neurones are mediated by glutamate under the control of the clock gene period. Thus, we are now able to assess the photoperiodic response by neurosecretory cell activity to investigate the upstream mechanisms, that is, the photoperiodic clock and counter.

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Section: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Gastropod Photoperiodismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails

Hamanaka,

Hasebe,

Shiga

2023

J Comp Physiol A

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Contrary Effects of Octopamine Receptor Ligands on Behavioral and Neuronal Changes in Locomotion of Lymnaea

Miyamae¹,

Komuro²,

Murata³

et al. 2010

The Biological Bulletin

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The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis moves along the sides and bottom of an aquarium, but it can also glide upside down on its back below the water's surface. We have termed these two forms of locomotion "standard locomotion" and "upside-down gliding," respectively. Previous studies showed that standard locomotion is produced by both cilia activity on the foot and peristaltic contraction of the foot muscles, whereas upside-down gliding is mainly caused by cilia activity. The pedal A neurons are thought to receive excitatory octopaminergic input, which ultimately results in increased cilia beating. However, the relationship between locomotory speed and the responses of these neurons to octopamine is not known. We thus examined the effects of both an agonist and an antagonist of octopamine receptors on locomotory speed and the firing rate of the pedal A neurons. We also examined, at the electron and light-microscopic levels, whether structural changes occur in cilia following the application of either an agonist or an antagonist of octopamine receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). We found that the application of an octopamine antagonist to the CNS increased the speed of both forms of locomotion, whereas application of octopamine increased only the firing rate of the pedal A neurons. Microscopic examination of the cilia proved that there were no changes in their morphology after application of octopamine ligands. These data suggest that there is an unidentified octopaminergic neuronal network in the CNS whose activation reduces cilia movement and thus locomotory speed.

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Unraveling the complexities of circadian and sleep interactions with memory formation through invertebrate research

Michel

Lyons

2014

FNSYS

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Across phylogeny, the endogenous biological clock has been recognized as providing adaptive advantages to organisms through coordination of physiological and behavioral processes. Recent research has emphasized the role of circadian modulation of memory in generating peaks and troughs in cognitive performance. The circadian clock along with homeostatic processes also regulates sleep, which itself impacts the formation and consolidation of memory. Thus, the circadian clock, sleep and memory form a triad with ongoing dynamic interactions. With technological advances and the development of a global 24/7 society, understanding the mechanisms underlying these connections becomes pivotal for development of therapeutic treatments for memory disorders and to address issues in cognitive performance arising from non-traditional work schedules. Invertebrate models, such as Drosophila melanogaster and the mollusks Aplysia and Lymnaea, have proven invaluable tools for identification of highly conserved molecular processes in memory. Recent research from invertebrate systems has outlined the influence of sleep and the circadian clock upon synaptic plasticity. In this review, we discuss the effects of the circadian clock and sleep on memory formation in invertebrates drawing attention to the potential of in vivo and in vitro approaches that harness the power of simple invertebrate systems to correlate individual cellular processes with complex behaviors. In conclusion, this review highlights how studies in invertebrates with relatively simple nervous systems can provide mechanistic insights into corresponding behaviors in higher organisms and can be used to outline possible therapeutic options to guide further targeted inquiry.

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Speed of back-swimming ofLymnaea

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails

Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails

Contrary Effects of Octopamine Receptor Ligands on Behavioral and Neuronal Changes in Locomotion of Lymnaea

Unraveling the complexities of circadian and sleep interactions with memory formation through invertebrate research

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