Speed of information processing, health, and cognitive performance in older adults

Dywan, Jane; Segalowitz, Sidney J.; Unsal, Ayse

doi:10.1080/87565649209540539

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Those results suggest that the output aspects of language production adds variance that is not related to the speed of item recognition. Similarly, Dywan et al (1992) found that P300 latency is predictive of only the simplest of cognitive functions among older adults, and not various complex thinking skills. We have found, however, that complex thinking skills are consistently related to CNV in adolescents (Segalowitz et al, 1992a), adults with TBI (Segalowitz et al, 1992b), and older adults (Dywan, Segalowitz, & Williamson, 1994).…”

Section: The Role Of Rt In the Processing Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, attention is a complex process requiring the integration of many brain areas. It may be that some prefrontal regions are important in regulating the amount of attention allocated, and therefore the amplitude of the P300, while not influencing its latency (Dywan, Segalowitz, & Unsal, 1992;Segalowitz, Unsal, & Dywan, 1992a), just as the latency of the P300 can be manipulated without altering its amplitude (Segalowitz, Velikonja, & Storrie-Baker, 1994).…”

Section: Theoretical Perspectives On Rt Processing Speed and Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional factors in response time variability after traumatic brain injury: An ERP study

Segalowitz

Dywan

Unsal

1997

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Reaction time (RT) is often used in the assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), presumably because it reflects either information processing speed or attentional capacity. To clarify this distinction, we examined behavioral RT and the within-subject variability of RT as they relate to electrophysiological measures of attention and information processing. These include the P300 latency, which reflects stimulus evaluation time, P300 amplitude, which reflects attentional allocation, and the preresponse component of the contingent negative variation (CNV), which reflects sustained attention. We found that the latency and variability in behavioral RT were not correlated with the latency or variability of the P300, suggesting that stimulus evaluation time is not a major contributor to RT and its variability in this paradigm. However, among normal controls, RT was related to P300 amplitude, and therefore to attentional allocation. For the TBI subjects, it was the variability, not the speed, of RT that was related to P300 amplitude and to the preresponse component of the CNV. These data suggest that, while in normal controls RT reflects attentional allocation, among TBI subjects it is the variability in RT that is sensitive to the ability to allocate and sustain attention. (JINS, 1997, 3, 95–107.)

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Section: The Role Of Rt In the Processing Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Theoretical Perspectives On Rt Processing Speed and Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional factors in response time variability after traumatic brain injury: An ERP study

Segalowitz

Dywan

Unsal

1997

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Compared to young adults, older adults display more perseverative behavior in the WCST (e.g., Arbuckle & Gold, 1993;Dywan et al, 1992;Fristoe et al, 1997;Kramer et al, 1994;Loranger & Misiak, 1960;Raz, 2000;Salthouse et al, 1996). Indeed, the age-related deficits observed in these tasks resemble closely the corresponding deficits seen in frontal patients.…”

Section: Perseverative Behavior In Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Perseverative Behavior and Adaptive Control in Older Adults: Performance Monitoring, Rule Induction, and Set Shifting

Ridderinkhof

Span

Molen

2002

Brain and Cognition

161

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“…Rourke edited two major works on learning disabilities, Neuropsychological Validation of Learning Disability Subtypes (Rourke, 1991b), and Syndrome of Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: Neurodevelopmental Manifestations (Rourke, 1995a), and van den Bos, Siegel, Bakker, and Share (1994) edited Current Directions in Dyslexia Research. In addition, Sidney Segalowitz and Isabelle Rapin were co-editors for Child Neuropsychology: Part I (Rapin & Segalowitz, 1992) and Child Neuropsychology: Part II (Segalowitz & Rapin, 1992), comprising volumes 6 and 7 of the Handbook of Neuropsychology. Maryse Lassonde and Malcolm Jeeves (1994) edited Callosal Agenesis: A Natural Split Brain.…”

Section: Booksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human neuropsychology in Canada: The 1990s (a review of research by Canadian neuropsychologists conducted over the past decade).

Hayman‐Abello¹,

Hayman-Abello²,

Rourke³

2003

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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This paper presents an overview of the human neuropsychology research activity conducted in Canada during the 1990s. Brief descriptions of the neuropsychological research conducted by prominent researchers at major centres across the country are included. New research developments, concordance with predicted trends (Rourke 1991), and comparison with the research in two previous decades (Fuerst & Rourke, 1995;Rourke, Fisk, Strang, & Gates, 1981) are presented. The reviewed work illustrates the continued extensive commitment to human neuropsychological research by Canadian investigators. It is clear that researchers in Canada continue to play a central role in this important area of scientific endeavour.

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Speed of information processing, health, and cognitive performance in older adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Attentional factors in response time variability after traumatic brain injury: An ERP study

Attentional factors in response time variability after traumatic brain injury: An ERP study

Perseverative Behavior and Adaptive Control in Older Adults: Performance Monitoring, Rule Induction, and Set Shifting

Human neuropsychology in Canada: The 1990s (a review of research by Canadian neuropsychologists conducted over the past decade).

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