Speed of Inhibition Predicts Teacher‐rated Medication Response in Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Scheres, Anouk; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A.

doi:10.1080/10349120500510107

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Some MPH studies, mostly with small samples, suggest minimal association between these two (Konrad et al 2004; Loo et al 2004; McInnes et al 2007; Biederman et al 2011), which is in line with the notion that cognitive (performance-based) measures and clinical rating scales in ADHD seem to tap different aspects of daily functioning (Toplak et al 2013). Since cognitive dysfunction in ADHD is apparent in many individuals with ADHD, and predicts clinical response to MPH (Scheres et al 2006; Coghill et al 2007; van der Oord et al 2012), additional work is needed to clarify the role of cognitive dysfunction in clinical functioning in order to further determine the clinical relevance of cognitive enhancement by MPH. Hence, better insight in the neurocognitive effects of MPH will, hopefully, ultimately result in improved ADHD treatment across the lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: a meta-regression analysis

et al. 2016

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adulthood is often treated with the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH). However, it is unknown whether cognitive effects of MPH depend on age in individuals with ADHD, while animal studies have suggested age-related effects. In this meta-analysis, we first determined the effects of MPH on response inhibition, working memory and sustained attention, but our main goal was to examine whether these effects are moderated by age. A systematic literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and MEDLINE for double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with MPH resulted in 25 studies on response inhibition (n = 775), 13 studies on working memory (n = 559) and 29 studies on sustained attention (n = 956) (mean age range 4.8-50.1 years). The effects of MPH on response inhibition [effect size (ES) = 0.40, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.58], working memory (ES = 0.24, p = 0.053, 95% CI 0.00-0.48) and sustained attention (ES = 0.42, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 26-0.59) were small to moderate. No linear or quadratic age-dependencies were observed, indicating that effects of MPH on executive functions are independent of age in children and adults with ADHD. However, adolescent studies are lacking and needed to conclude a lack of an age-dependency across the lifespan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: a meta-regression analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Subjects were presented two types of trials: go-trials and stop-trials. Go-trials consisted of the presentation of a go-stimulus (drawing of a plane) that was either pointing to the right or to the left [ 61 ]. Children were instructed to press a response button that corresponded to the direction of the stimulus as quickly and as accurately as possible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between endophenotype and phenotype in ADHD

Rommelse

Altink

Martin

et al. 2008

Behavioral and Brain Functions

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Background: It has been hypothesized that genetic and environmental factors relate to psychiatric disorders through the effect of intermediating, vulnerability traits called endophenotypes. The study had a threefold aim: to examine the predictive validity of an endophenotypic construct for the ADHD diagnosis, to test whether the magnitude of group differences at the endophenotypic and phenotypic level is comparable, and to investigate whether four factors (gender, age, IQ, rater bias) have an effect (moderation or mediation) on the relation between endophenotype and phenotype.

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“…Subjects were presented two types of trials : go-trials and stop-trials. Go-trials consisted of the presentation of a go-stimulus (drawing of a plane) that was either pointing to the right or to the left (Scheres et al 2006). Children were instructed to press a response button that corresponded to the direction of the stimulus as quickly and as accurately as possible.…”

Section: Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for an independent familial segregation of executive and intelligence endophenotypes in ADHD families

et al. 2008

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Background. Impairments in executive functioning (EF) and intelligence quotient (IQ) are frequently observed in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this paper was twofold : first, to examine whether both domains are viable endophenotypic candidates for ADHD and second to investigate whether deficits in both domains tend to co-segregate within families.Method. A large family-based design was used, including 238 ADHD families (545 children) and 147 control families (271 children). Inhibition, visuospatial and verbal working memory, and performance and verbal IQ were analysed.Results. Children with ADHD, and their affected and non-affected siblings were all impaired on the EF measures and verbal IQ (though unimpaired on performance IQ) and all measures correlated between siblings. Correlations and sibling cross-correlations were not significant between EF and IQ, though they were significant between the measures of one domain. Group differences on EF were not explained by group differences on IQ and vice versa. The discrepancy score between EF and IQ correlated between siblings, indicating that siblings resembled each other in their EF-IQ discrepancy instead of having generalized impairments across both domains. Siblings of probands who had an EF but not IQ impairment, showed a comparable disproportionate lower EF score in relation to IQ score. The opposite pattern was not significant. Conclusions.The results supported the viability of EF and IQ as endophenotypic candidates for ADHD. Most findings support an independent familial segregation of both domains. Within EF, similar familial factors influenced inhibition and working memory. Within IQ, similar familial factors influenced verbal and performance IQ.

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Speed of Inhibition Predicts Teacher‐rated Medication Response in Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: a meta-regression analysis

Effects of methylphenidate on executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan: a meta-regression analysis

Relationship between endophenotype and phenotype in ADHD

Support for an independent familial segregation of executive and intelligence endophenotypes in ADHD families

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