Speed of Lexical Activation in Nonfluent Broca's Aphasia and Fluent Wernicke's Aphasia

Prather, Penny; Zurif, Edgar; Love, Tracy; Brownell, Hiram

doi:10.1006/brln.1997.1751

Cited by 109 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In contrast, controls show a graded priming effect, and Broca's aphasics show priming only for cat-dog under these same conditions. In addition, in a case study, a Wernicke's aphasic displayed semantic priming at more timing intervals than do normal controls (Prather, Zurif, Love & Brownell, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lexical-Semantic Activation in Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia: Evidence from Eye Movements

Yee¹,

Blumstein²,

Sedivy³

2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

100

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Lexical processing requires both activating stored representations, and selecting among active candidates. The current work uses an eye-tracking paradigm to conduct a detailed temporal investigation of lexical processing. Patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia are studied to shed light on the roles of anterior and posterior brain regions in lexical processing as well as the effects of lexical competition on such processing. Experiment 1 investigates whether objects semantically related to an uttered word are preferentially fixated, e.g., given the auditory target 'hammer', do participants fixate a picture of a nail? Results show that, like normals, both groups of patients are more likely to fixate on an object semantically related to the target than an unrelated object. Experiment 2 explores whether Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics show competition effects when words share onsets with the uttered word, e.g., given the auditory target 'hammer', do participants fixate a picture of a hammock? Experiment 3 investigates whether these patients activate words semantically related to onset competitors of the uttered word, e.g., given the auditory target 'hammock' do participants fixate a nail due to partial activation of the onset competitor hammer? Results of Experiments 2 and 3 show pathological patterns of performance for both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics under conditions of lexical onset competition. However, the patterns of deficit differed, suggesting different functional and computational roles for anterior and posterior areas in lexical processing. Implications of the findings for the functional architecture of the lexical processing system and its potential neural substrates are considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lexical-Semantic Activation in Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia: Evidence from Eye Movements

Yee¹,

Blumstein²,

Sedivy³

2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other studies cited below found different semantic priming patterns, depending upon the aphasia profile. These differences have been attributed to the methodological and participant selection issues and other experimental variables 48 . Tables 1 and 2 summarize the findings of some of the studies presented in this section.…”

Section: Studies Concerning Semantic Priming In Aphasic Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They used a lexical decision task with auditory stimuli and ISIs of 50 ms and 250 ms. Broca's aphasics and normal subjects showed semantic priming effect with both ISIs. In another study, using visual stimuli and SOAs ranging from 300 to 3100 ms, Prather, Zurif, Love and Brownell 48 assessed a patient with Broca's aphasia who showed the priming effect with an SOA of 1500 ms -he was capable of accessing the lexical information as long as he had time for such processing. This result is the same as in the previous study 50 .…”

Section: Studies Concerning Semantic Priming In Aphasic Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of priming paradigm may explain performance differences in behavioral studies 48 and in neuroimaging studies 23,24,29,[40][41][42] . Regarding studies on clinical populations, the challenge is even bigger, given the variability across patients and the numerous factors that may prevent rigorous methodological control and lead to inconsistent findings, including age 44 , lesion type, location and extension.…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lexical-semantic processing in the semantic priming paradigm in aphasic patients

Salles

Holderbaum

Parente

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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There is evidence that the explicit lexical-semantic processing deficits which characterize aphasia may be observed in the absence of implicit semantic impairment. The aim of this article was to critically review the international literature on lexical-semantic processing in aphasia, as tested through the semantic priming paradigm. Specifically, this review focused on aphasia and lexical-semantic processing, the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the semantic paradigms used, and recent evidence from neuroimaging studies on lexical-semantic processing. Furthermore, evidence on dissociations between implicit and explicit lexical-semantic processing reported in the literature will be discussed and interpreted by referring to functional neuroimaging evidence from healthy populations. There is evidence that semantic priming effects can be found both in fluent and in non-fluent aphasias, and that these effects are related to an extensive network which includes the temporal lobe, the pre-frontal cortex, the left frontal gyrus, the left temporal gyrus and the cingulated cortex.

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“…The answer to this question lies in the observation that these patients show a slowness in speed of lexical activation so that they are unable to build syntactic structure quickly enough to prevent semantic linking from emerging (e.g., Piñango 1999;Prather et al 1997). Nevertheless, once their system finishes building the representation, including forming all antecedent-trace relations, a problem arises if the product of the default linking is in conflict with the product of syntactic linking.…”

Section: On the Proper Generalization Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Could grammatical encoding and grammatical decoding be subserved by the same processing module?

Kempen¹

2000

Behav. Brain Sci.

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Advances in neuroimaging technology have increased our knowledge of the neuroanatomy of higher functions of the central nervous system: It is now possible to get a glimpse of the brain while it is in action. However, this progress would not have been possible without improved understanding of the knowledge base and operations that underlie complex behavior. Parallel to the greater precision of the technology, some progress has been made in our understanding of the cognitive architecture that underlies certain behavioral domains. In the study of brain-language relations, theoretical developments in linguistics have gone hand in hand with imaging, making a joint contribution to behavioral neurology. After several decades of the study of language and the brain from a linguistic angle, there is now a relatively dense body of facts that can be seriously evaluated. This target article will review central results and use them to motivate some novel conclusions about the representation of language in the human cerebral cortex. The discussion will revolve around the choice of unit of behavioral analysis and its theoretical import. An outlook on language derived from current linguistic theory can lead to a new and more precise picture of language and the brain.The old Connectionist school -led by Broca, Wernicke, and Lichtheim (see Lichtheim 1885, for a comprehensive exposition) and revived in our time by the late Norman Geschwind (e.g., 1970;1979) -fortified belief in the existence of cerebral language centers. As clinicians, these authors mostly emphasized the patients' communicative skills, viewing language as a collection of activities, practiced in the service of communication: speaking, listening, reading, writ- Abstract: A new view of the functional role of the left anterior cortex in language use is proposed. The experimental record indicates that most human linguistic abilities are not localized in this region. In particular, most of syntax (long thought to be there) is not located in Broca's area and its vicinity (operculum, insula, and subjacent white matter). This cerebral region, implicated in Broca's aphasia, does have a role in syntactic processing, but a highly specific one: It is the neural home to receptive mechanisms involved in the computation of the relation between transformationally moved phrasal constituents and their extraction sites (in line with the Trace-Deletion Hypothesis). It is also involved in the construction of higher parts of the syntactic tree in speech production. By contrast, basic combinatorial capacities necessary for language processing -for example, structure-building operations, lexical insertion -are not supported by the neural tissue of this cerebral region, nor is lexical or combinatorial semantics. The dense body of empirical evidence supporting this restrictive view comes mainly from several angles on lesion studies of syntax in agrammatic Broca's aphasia. Five empirical arguments are presented: experiments in sentence comprehension, cross-linguistic considerations (where a...

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Speed of Lexical Activation in Nonfluent Broca's Aphasia and Fluent Wernicke's Aphasia

Cited by 109 publications

References 33 publications

Lexical-Semantic Activation in Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia: Evidence from Eye Movements

Lexical-Semantic Activation in Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia: Evidence from Eye Movements

Lexical-semantic processing in the semantic priming paradigm in aphasic patients

Could grammatical encoding and grammatical decoding be subserved by the same processing module?

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