Speed of memory scanning is not affected in early HIV-1 infection

Martin, Eileen; Robertson, Lynn C.; Sorensen, Donna J.; Jagust, William J.; Mallon, Kevin F.; Chirurgi, Valerie A.

doi:10.1080/01688639308402565

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, each test administered to each study participant must be able to provide reliable and valid individual data. However, although item recognition paradigms have previously been used in studies of HIV-infected individuals (Hart et al, 1990;Wilkie et al, 1990;Martin et al, 1993), there are no published reports of the temporal stability of the task. Further, there are reports of data which suggest that many of the assumptions which underlie the apparent utility of the task in evaluating speed of cognitive processing may be wrong (e.g., Schweickert, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations in estimating speed of cognitive operations

Becker

Caldararo

Baddeley

et al. 1995

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and having cognitive impairment have been described as having slow mentation. Data supporting this proposition come from a variety of sources, including Sternberg's (1966) item recognition memory task. The procedure nominally provides an index of speed of mental operations, independent from input/output demands. However, since the original use of this procedure in the 1960s, advances in cognitive psychology have revealed many of its limitations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of this task. Each participant performed the Sternberg item recognition task twice, 6 mo apart. The stability of the estimate of the slope of regression equations and for zero intercept ranged from excellent (r = .87) to poor (r = .30), and the data from many individual subjects could not be reliably modelled using multiple linear regression techniques. These data, as well as those from previous research, demonstrate the limited practical use of this task in clinical samples. Furthermore, as cognitive psychological theory has advanced in the past 30 yr, the conceptual underpinnings of the procedure have essentially evaporated. (JINS, 1995, / , 3-9).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations in estimating speed of cognitive operations

Becker

Caldararo

Baddeley

et al. 1995

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Selective memory processes are differentially compromised in chronic alcoholism (ALC; Fein et al., ; McGlinchey et al., ; Nixon et al., ; Oscar‐Berman, ; Sullivan et al., , ) and HIV infection (Fama et al., ; Gonzalez et al., ; Maki et al., ; E.M. Martin et al., , ; Rothlind et al., ). Chronic ALC is commonly marked by visuospatially mediated and working memory impairments, whereas HIV infection is commonly marked by verbally mediated and episodic memory impairments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effect of Alcoholism and HIV Infection on Visuomotor Procedural Learning and Retention

Fama¹,

Rosenbloom²,

Sassoon

et al. 2012

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Selective declarative memory processes are differentially compromised in chronic alcoholism (ALC) and HIV infection (HIV) and likely reflect neuropathology associated with each condition: frontocerebellar dysfunction in ALC and frontostriatal dysfunction in HIV infection. Evidence for disease overlap derives from observed exacerbated impairments in these declarative memory processes in ALC‐HIV comorbidity. Less is known about nondeclarative memory processes in these disease conditions. Examination of visuomotor learning in chronic ALC and HIV infection could provide insight into the differential and combined contribution of selective disease‐related injury to visuomotor procedural memory processes. Methods We examined component processes of visuomotor learning and retention on the rotary pursuit task in 29 ALC, 23 HIV, 28 ALC + HIV, and 20 control subjects. Participants were given 4 rotary pursuit learning sessions over 2 testing days, typically separated by 1 week, to assess visuomotor learning and retention patterns. Ancillary measures of simple motor, psychomotor, explicit memory, and balance abilities were administered to test which component processes independently predicted visuomotor learning. Results All clinical groups showed visuomotor learning across rotary pursuit testing sessions, despite impairment in visuomotor speed in the HIV groups and impairment in explicit memory and psychomotor speed in the alcohol groups. The 2 alcoholic groups showed retention and consolidation over time (i.e., improved performance without further training), whereas the HIV‐infected group showed learning and retention but no consolidation effect. The comorbid group shared impairments associated with the ALC‐only group (explicit memory and psychomotor speed) and the HIV‐only group (visuomotor speed), although there was no clear compounded effect of alcohol and HIV infection on visuomotor learning performance. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that ALC and HIV infection exert differential effects on components of visuomotor procedural learning. Further, the results provide behavioral evidence for dissociable influences of frontocerebellar and frontostriatal disruption to visuomotor procedural learning and retention.

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“…Studies of asymptomatic individuals indicate mild abnormalities in a small proportion of individuals [28–31]. The frequency and severity of impairment increases with the disease progression.…”

Section: Neuropsychology Of Hiv and Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Substance Abuse: A Literature Review and Implications for Treatment and Future Research

Norman¹,

Basso²,

Kumar³

et al. 2009

CDAR

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Neuropsychological dysfunction, ranging from mild cognitive symptoms to dementia has been a consistent part of the clinical picture of HIV/AIDS. However, advances in clinical management, particularly antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, have mitigated the neuropsychological effects of HIV and revised the pattern and nature of cognitive deficits, which are observed in HIV-infected individuals. The attendant improvements in mortality and morbidity have led to a need for programs and interventions that sustain healthy behavior and prevent a resurgence of HIV transmission risk. Psychiatric risk factors, particularly substance use, which often contribute to initial acquisition of HIV, still require attention. These risk factors may also exacerbate neuropsychological dysfunction and compromise adherence to prevention recommendations and treatment. Specifically, a more complete understanding of the effects of substance abuse on the progression of HIV related cognitive decline can inform evaluation and management of HIV seropositives with concurrent substance use disorders. This review provides an overview of the neuropsychology of HIV and substance abuse and the extant research that has examined the effects of both HIV disease and substance use on neuropsychological functioning and implications for treatment and future research.

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Speed of memory scanning is not affected in early HIV-1 infection

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Methodological considerations in estimating speed of cognitive operations

Methodological considerations in estimating speed of cognitive operations

Differential Effect of Alcoholism and HIV Infection on Visuomotor Procedural Learning and Retention

Neuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Substance Abuse: A Literature Review and Implications for Treatment and Future Research

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