Speed of Sound Measurements Using a Cylindrical Resonator for Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Propene

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (R744) and propene (R1270) are expected to be long-term working fluids for air conditioning systems, heat pumps, and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) because of their low global warming potentials (GWP). The speed of sound was measured in gaseous carbon dioxide from (260 to 333) K and in gaseous propene from (260 to 330) K using a cylindrical resonator at pressures up to 1 MPa. The perturbations from the thermal and viscous boundary layers, the gas fill duct, the shell motion, and the vibrational relaxation were corrected in the frequency measurements. The uncertainties in the temperature, pressure, and speed of sound measurements were estimated to be less than 5 mK, 200 Pa, and 0.02 %. The ideal-gas heat capacities at constant pressure and the acoustic virial coefficients of carbon dioxide and propene were deduced from the measured speed-of-sound data. The second virial coefficients for carbon dioxide and propene were obtained from the acoustic data and the square-well intermolecular model.

Experimental Speed of Sound for 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (R-1243zf) in Gaseous Phase Measured with Cylindrical Resonator

“…The effects of the nonzero thermal and viscous admittances of the cavity shell, gas filling duct, acoustic transducers, and shell motion were considered as perturbations in this work. Full details about the correction models have been developed and thoroughly discussed in previous published papers. ,, In the present work, the relative uncertainty contributed from the corrections for nonideality of the sound field was within 2 × 10 –5 .…”

“…The experimental system was rebuilt inheriting the advantages of one for the accurate measurement of the thermodynamic temperature . The accuracy of the system has also been verified in measurements of gaseous speed of sound in many other alternative working fluids. − A detailed description of the measurement principle and the experimental apparatus has been given in our previous publications. − Here, only a brief introduction is provided in the following.…”

“…The acoustic resonance technique is one of the predominant methods for the measurement of the speed of sound in the gaseous phase. Our group has been devoted to measurements of the speed of sound of working fluids with the acoustic resonance method, which is a steady state method, and has published several papers of the experimental speed of sound in alternative refrigerants. − In the present work, the speed of sound in R-1243zf was measured by means of a fixed-path cylindrical resonator. Measurements were taken along nine quasi-isochoric lines in the temperature range of 313 to 363 K and pressure range of 170 to 983 kPa.…”

A Novel Acoustic Resonator for Speed of Sound Measurement in Dense Organic Vapours

“…After dividing these masses by the volume of the resonator V = 455 cm 3 , the overall uncertainty for the density is ±0.44 kg/m 3 . Typical errors affecting speed of sound measurements obtained with a resonator are extensively studied in the literature [3,5]. Among those biases, the most relevant for the OVAR setup arise from neglecting the influence of the fluid viscosity and should be smaller than 0.1%.…”

Speed of sound in hydrogen isotopes derived from the experimental pvt data and an improved quantum law of corresponding state

“…Hydrogen isotopes have been extensively applied in modern industries especially for the controlled nuclear fusion such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) 1 . The speed of sound in hydrogen isotopes is one of the essential thermodynamic properties, which can be applied to determine the universal gas constant, Boltzmann constant, virial coefficient, density and equation of state [2][3][4] . Moreover, it can also be effective to measure the fuel content of deuterium(D), tritium(T) or their mixture DT in the thermonuclear fuel container called as capsules, which is an isotropic multi-layered hollow shell with a diameter from 1 mm to 2 mm 5 .…”