“…This sensor, however, reduces the system reliability, increasing the cost of the drive, and is unsuitable for hostile environments. A number of speed estimation approaches for DTC IM drives have been developed, including from a stator flux estimator or observer, (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) by the application of adaptive control theory, (8)(9)(10)(11) from fuzzy logic control or a neural network, (12)(13)(14)(15) and using an extended Kalman filter. (16)(17)(18)(19) In this system, the Lyapunov stability theory was used to design a stator flux observer, and the rotor speed of the speed estimation DTC IM drive was estimated from this observer.…”