Speleothem calcite farmed in situ: Modern calibration of δ18O and δ13C paleoclimate proxies in a continuously-monitored natural cave system

Tremaine, Darrel M.; Froelich, Philip N.; Wang, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.005

Cited by 346 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…The main problem is that many equations have been proposed for the calcite-water oxygen isotope fractionation (O'Neil et al, 1969;Friedman and O'Neil, 1977;Kim and O'Neil, 1997;Chacko and Deines, 2008;Coplen, 2007;Horita and Clayton, 2007;Dietzel et al, 2009;Demény et al, 2010;Zheng, 2011;Day and Henderson, 2011;Tremaine et al, 2011;Gabitov et al, 2012); these, however, provided different fractionation values for the same temperature. Two equations were selected as the Devils Hole location fulfils most of the theoretical requirements of equilibrium calcite precipitation (slow precipitation rate, stable environment, Coplen, 2007), while the equation established by Tremaine et al (2011) is based on a collection of natural cave deposit data selected by avoiding kinetic fractionation bias. The present day temperature of the cave site (9.7 ± 0.5 °C) and the dripwater composition (see section 2) yield calculated calcite compositions of -7.1 and -7.6‰ for the Coplen (2007) and Tremaine et al (2011) equations, respectively (with standard deviation of 0.2‰ as a result of temperature and water composition variations).…”

Section: Suitability Assessment Of the Bar-ii Stalagmitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two equations were selected as the Devils Hole location fulfils most of the theoretical requirements of equilibrium calcite precipitation (slow precipitation rate, stable environment, Coplen, 2007), while the equation established by Tremaine et al (2011) is based on a collection of natural cave deposit data selected by avoiding kinetic fractionation bias. The present day temperature of the cave site (9.7 ± 0.5 °C) and the dripwater composition (see section 2) yield calculated calcite compositions of -7.1 and -7.6‰ for the Coplen (2007) and Tremaine et al (2011) equations, respectively (with standard deviation of 0.2‰ as a result of temperature and water composition variations). The BAR-II δ 18 O carb values range from -7.7 to -6.4‰ in the fully developed interglacial period (124 to 120 ka), which range partly overlaps the calculated compositions, suggesting that the BAR-II stalagmite was grown close to equilibrium conditions.…”

Section: Suitability Assessment Of the Bar-ii Stalagmitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotope compositions of speleothems from the last interglacial – Spatial patterns of climate fluctuations in Europe

Demény

Kern

Czuppon

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Highlights Stable isotope compositions of a last interglacial (LIG) stalagmite, Central Europe  A sequence of climate change events during the LIG for European speleothems  Hydrogen isotope data of inclusion water reveal a major event at about 125 ± 2 ka  Temperature and winter precipitation changes around the Mediterranean at 125 ± 2 ka ABSTRACT Studies on the last interglacial (LIG) can provide information on how our environment behaved in a period of slightly higher global temperatures at about 125 ± 4 ka, even if it is not the best analogue for the Holocene. The available LIG climate proxy records are usually better preserved and can be studied at a higher resolution than those of the preceding interglacials, allowing detailed comparisons. This paper presents complex stable hydrogen, carbon and oxygen isotope records obtained for carbonate (δ 13 Baradla data indicate enhanced aridity and seasonality for a part of GS26, with the relative dominance of summer precipitation and Mediterranean moisture contribution. Following the GS26 event, the effect of long-term global cooling becomes dominant in the Baradla isotope records and leads to glacial inception at about 109 ka.

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Section: Suitability Assessment Of the Bar-ii Stalagmitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suitability Assessment Of the Bar-ii Stalagmitementioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope compositions of speleothems from the last interglacial – Spatial patterns of climate fluctuations in Europe

Demény

Kern

Czuppon

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…The next step is to separate the last two known influences: the host rock contribution and in-cave fractionation. Numerous cave-monitoring studies have demonstrated that fractionation in caves is kinetic rather than equilibrium in nature (Spötl et al, 2005;Frisia et al, 2011;Tremaine et al, 2011), thus precluding the use of equilibrium factors when estimating the fractionation effect. Therefore, we use the measured d 13 C of stalagmite LR06-B1 and initial d 13 C of soil-water DIC to further differentiate between host rock C contribution and fractionation effects inside the cave.…”

Section: Host Rock Contribution To Dcfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem

Griffiths

Fohlmeister

Drysdale

et al. 2012

Quaternary Geochronology

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a b s t r a c tOver the past decade, a number of speleothem studies have used radiocarbon ( 14 C) to address a range of palaeoclimate problems. These have included the use of the bomb pulse 14 C to anchor chronologies over the last 60 years, the combination of U-Th and 14 C measurements to improve the radiocarbon agecalibration curve, and linking atmospheric 14 C variations with climate change. An issue with a number of these studies is how to constrain, or interpret, variations in the amount of radioactively dead carbon (i.e. the dead carbon fraction, or DCF) that reduces radiocarbon concentrations in speleothems. In this study, we use 14 C, stable-isotopes, and trace-elements in a U-Th dated speleothem from Flores, Indonesia, to examine DCF variations and their relationship with above-cave climate over the late Holocene and modern era. A strong association between the DCF and hydrologically-controlled proxy data suggests that more dead carbon was being delivered to the speleothem during periods of higher cave recharge (i.e. lower d 18 O, d 13 C and Mg/Ca values), and hence stronger summer monsoon. To explore this relationship, we used a geochemical soil-karst model coupled with 14 C measurements through the bomb pulse to disentangle the dominant components governing DCF variability in the speleothem. We find that the DCF is primarily controlled by limestone dissolution associated with changes in open-versus closed-system conditions, rather than kinetic fractionation and/or variations in the age spectrum of soil organic matter above the cave. Therefore, we infer that periods of higher rainfall resulted in a higher DCF because the system was in a more closed state, which inhibited carbon isotope exchange between the karst water dissolved inorganic carbon and soil-gas CO 2 , and ultimately led to a greater contribution of dead carbon from the bedrock.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…The presented instrument and application study are relevant for monitoring underground cavities, whether to understand CO 2 dynamics in visited and/or painted caves for preservation purposes [35] or to understand paleoclimate recording in speleothems [36]. However, in these applications with high CO 2 concentrations or CO 2 concentrations varying in a large range, using IRIS, remains very challenging at the moment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring CO2 concentration and δ13C in an underground cavity using a commercial isotope ratio infrared spectrometer

2015

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International audienceCO2 stable carbon isotopes are very attractive in environmental research to investigate both natural and anthropogenic carbon sources. Laser-based isotope ratio infrared spectrometers (IRIS) allow in situ continuous monitoring of CO2 isotopes, and therefore they have a potential for unprecedented understanding of carbon sources and dynamics with a high temporal resolution. Here we present the performance assessment of a commercial IRIS analyzer, including the measurement setup and the data processing scheme that we used. Even if the analyzer performs 1-Hz measurements, an integration time of the order of 1 h is commonly needed to obtain acceptable precision for δ13C. The main sources of uncertainty on δ13C come from the concentration dependence and from the temporal instability of the analyzer. The method is applied to the in situ monitoring of the CO2 carbon isotopes in an underground cavity (Roselend Natural Laboratory, France) during several months. On a weekly timescale, the temporal variability of CO2 is dominated by transient contamination by human breath. Discarding these anthropogenic contaminations, CO2 and δ13C backgrounds do not show diurnal or seasonal fluctuations. A CO2 flux released into the tunnel by the surrounding rocks is measured. The carbon isotope composition of this CO2, identified with a Keeling plot, is consistent with a main production by microbial respiration and a minor production from weathering of carbonate minerals. The presented instrument and application study are relevant to cave monitoring, whether to understand CO2 dynamics in visited and/or painted caves for preservation purposes or to understand paleoclimate recording in speleothems

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Speleothem calcite farmed in situ: Modern calibration of δ18O and δ13C paleoclimate proxies in a continuously-monitored natural cave system

Cited by 346 publications

References 135 publications

Stable isotope compositions of speleothems from the last interglacial – Spatial patterns of climate fluctuations in Europe

Stable isotope compositions of speleothems from the last interglacial – Spatial patterns of climate fluctuations in Europe

Hydrological control of the dead carbon fraction in a Holocene tropical speleothem

Monitoring CO2 concentration and δ13C in an underground cavity using a commercial isotope ratio infrared spectrometer

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