Spent culture supernatant of Streptococcus gordonii mitigates inflammation of human periodontal cells and inhibits proliferation of pathogenic oral microbes

Abstract

Background: The oral commensal bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii has been reported to regulate the inflammation of oral epithelial cells stimulated by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study investigated the activities of S. gordonii metabolites in S. gordonii spent culture supernatants (Sg-SCS) on periodontal-related bacterial growth and periodontitis-associated inflammatory cytokines.Methods: Sg-SCS was collected from S. gordonii cultures grown in Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium and added to the growth media of representative healthand disease-related oral species: S. gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. The Sg-SCS was also tested for its ability to regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by human macrophages, epithelial cells, and gingival fibroblasts upon stimulation with P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS). Results: Sg-SCS significantly reduced transcript and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, 6, and 8 induced by Pg-LPS stimulation in multiple types of periodontal cells. mRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses indicated that Sg-SCS significantly affects 10 inflammatory pathways. Additionally, Sg-SCS exhibited suppression of the growth of periodontal disease-related bacteria, including T. denticola and P. gingivalis, along with the primary plaque-colonizing species S. oralis. At a low concentration, Sg-SCS also inhibits P. gingivalis adhesion.Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that S. gordonii-derived SCS contains metabolites that have anti-inflammatory properties and an ability to inhibit periodontitis-associated pathogenic bacteria. Further investigation will be needed to identify the individual metabolites within the Sg-SCS to develop a novel metabolite-based approach to treating and preventing periodontitis.Yi Shu and Chawin Upara contributed equally to this manuscript.

A medium chain fatty acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA), protects against obesity and insulin resistance

“…Previously, we found 0.1 μmol/L 6-HHA suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts 3 . Furthermore, 0.25 and 0.5 μmol/L 6-HHA downregulated inflammatory markers in epididymal white adipose fat pads isolated from mice on high-fat diet (HFD; eWAT; data not shown).…”

“…We recently demonstrated that spent culture supernatants (SCS) from the commensal oral bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii (Sg) mitigated periodontitis-associated inflammation 3 . To identify the anti-inflammatory mediator of Sg SCS, we performed an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis and identified a total of 324 components significantly enriched as compared to controls (DMEM culture medium) 3 . Notably, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA) was the only MCFA identified among the top enriched 12 components ( Fig.…”

Evaluation of the Microbial Profile on the Polydioxanone Membrane and the Collagen Membrane Exposed to Multi-Species Subgingival Biofilm: An In Vitro Study

“…Beyond this, these bacteria exhibited a pronounced affinity for collagen membranes. The proteolytic prowess of formidable periodontal adversaries like P. gingivalis wields a profound influence on the structural and functional integrity of periodontal cells and tissues [32].…”

“…Delving deeper into P. gingivalis, its gingipains are identified as the primary catalysts for proteolysis, especially with regard to the collagen-targeting activities of this bacterium. These enzymes, as integral cogs in the bacterial metabolic machinery, possess the capability to degrade a suite of human proteins, encompassing native collagens I, III, IV, and V, fibrin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, protease inhibitors, and immunoglobulins [32][33][34].…”

The effect of local use of etiotropic drugs on the oropharyngeal microbiota in children with acute respiratory infection

“…Продемонстрировано значительное влияние комменсальной микробиоты ротоглотки (S. salivarius, S. gordonii, S. cristatus) на реализацию и степень выраженности защитно-воспалительных реакций за счет контроля над гиперпродукцией провоспалительных цитокинов (интерлейкин-1β, 6 и 8, фактор некроза опухоли α) и ряда других механизмов [19][20][21].…”