Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO4-Fe3O4-Na2CO3-C System

Li, Yun; Yang, Shenghai; Taskinen, Pekka; He, Jing; Chen, Yongming; Tang, Chaobo; Wang, Yuejun; Jokilaakso, Ari

doi:10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This can be attributed to the content of lead sulfate (anglesite) in the polluted soil. This lead compound is found in large quantities in the spent lead-acid batteries [33]. In this scenario, as indicated by Visual MINTEQ (v. 3.0/3.1) geochemical modeling software version 3.1, the Pb concentration is controlled by the solubility of lead sulfate.…”

Section: Remediation Of the Contaminated Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization Study of a Contaminated Soil with Metal(loid)s Adding Different Low-Grade MgO Degrees

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-grade magnesium oxide (LG-MgO) was proposed as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) or lime substitute (CaO) for metal(loid)s remediation in contaminated soils. Some metal(loid)s precipitate at pH ≈ 9 in insoluble hydroxide form thus avoiding their leaching. LG-MgO avoids the re-dissolution of certain metal(loid)s at 9.0 < pH < 11.0 (pH-dependents), whose solubility depends on the pH. A highly contaminated soil with heavy metal(loid)s was stabilized using different LG-MgO by-products sources as stabilizing agents. Two of the three studied LG-MgOs were selected for the stabilization, by mixing 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. The effect of using LG-MgO not only depends on the size of the particles, but also on those impurities that are present in the LG-MgO samples. Particle size distribution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, citric acid test, specific surface, bulk density, acid neutralization capacity, batch leaching tests (BLTs), and percolation column tests (PCTs) were techniques used to deeply characterize the different LG-MgO and the contaminated and remediated soils. The remediation’s results efficacy indicated that when the medium pH was between 9.0 and 11.0, the concentration of pH-dependent metal(loid)s decreases significantly. Although around 15 wt.% of a stabilizing agent was appropriate for the soil remediation to ensure an alkali reservoir that maintains optimal stabilization conditions for a long period, 5 wt.% of LG-MgO was enough to remedy the contaminated soil. When evaluating a polluted and decontaminated soil, both BLTs and PCTs should be complementary procedures.

show abstract

Section: Remediation Of the Contaminated Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization Study of a Contaminated Soil with Metal(loid)s Adding Different Low-Grade MgO Degrees

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Li et al. investigated the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C system to recycle lead from spent lead-acid batteries, the recovery efficiency was 96.2% and the purity of the obtained crude lead was 98.6% at over 800 °C. Whatʼs more, the emission of SO x gas and toxic lead dust cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Zhang et al employed C-CaO-PbSO 4 and C-Fe-PbSO 4 systems to reduce lead sulfate, 14 and the total recovery rate of lead was beyond 99% with the temperature range of 1000−1300 °C. Li et al investigated the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C system to recycle lead from spent lead-acid batteries, 15 the recovery efficiency was 96.2% and the purity of the obtained crude lead was 98.6% at over 800 °C. Whatʼs more, the emission of SO x gas and toxic lead dust cannot be ignored.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Environmentally Friendly Approach for Lead Recovery from Lead Sulfate Residue via Mechanochemical Reduction: Phase Transformation and Reaction Mechanism

Che

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead sulfate residue (LSR) is an important secondary lead resource also categorized as a hazardous waste, which has gained great attention in clean and sustainable utilization technology due to the shortage of primary resources and environmental pollution. The current methods for LSR treatment involve a potential environmental risk including emission of SO x gas and generation of waste acids and alkali. Herein, an environmentally friendly method is proposed for treating LSR, by which lead was reduced under ambient conditions via mechanical ball milling using iron powder as the reductant. The phase transformation of lead was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing that the reduction time, rotation speed, mass ratio of ball to material (B/M), and iron powder dosage positively influenced the reduction of lead sulfate. The highest lead sulfate reduction efficiency of 99.9% was obtained under optimum conditions: rotation speed of 300 rpm, reduction time of 2 h, B/M of 15 g/g, and 1.5 times the theoretical dosage of iron powder. The generated ferrous sulfate was subsequently removed by water washing, and excess iron powder was separated by melting, accompanied by metallic lead produced with a high purity of 99.2%. This process is simple and environmentally friendly, showing good potential for industrial application.

show abstract

“…Hydrometallurgy processes are usually considered as low cost and green technologies. 2,14 However, the current hydrometallurgical techniques are less competitive than pyrometallurgy in secondary materials recycling and treatment, because of their laborious procedures, low efficiency and processing capacity, as well as generation of large amounts of problematic waste water and residues 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PbSO4 Reduction Mechanism and Gas Composition at 600–1000°C

Taskinen

Wang

et al. 2021

JOM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A promising lead-containing wastes recycling method, with sulfur conservation and reductive sulfur-fixing co-smelting process (RSFCS), is proposed. This work investigated the PbSO 4 reduction equilibrium composition, phase conversions, and microscopic transformation mechanisms during the RSFCS process at different temperatures, times, and CO-CO 2 mixtures using thermodynamic modelling, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, and SEM-EDS analysis techniques. At the same time, the gaseous products were collected and analyzed. The results showed that three reduction paths existed: (1) PbSO 4 CO/CO 2 →

show abstract

Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO4-Fe3O4-Na2CO3-C System

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Stabilization Study of a Contaminated Soil with Metal(loid)s Adding Different Low-Grade MgO Degrees

Stabilization Study of a Contaminated Soil with Metal(loid)s Adding Different Low-Grade MgO Degrees

A Facile and Environmentally Friendly Approach for Lead Recovery from Lead Sulfate Residue via Mechanochemical Reduction: Phase Transformation and Reaction Mechanism

PbSO4 Reduction Mechanism and Gas Composition at 600–1000°C

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About