Sperm dispersal distances estimated by parentage analysis in a brooding scleractinian coral

Warner, Patricia A.; Willis, Bette L.; Oppen, Madeleine J. H. van

doi:10.1111/mec.13553

Cited by 37 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(354 reference statements)

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“…High level of genetic differentiation suggesting localized recruitment has been reported for this species in GBR [76] (but see [77]), Northwestern Australia [78], and Red Sea [79]. In addition, sperm dispersal of this species has been suggested to be locally restricted, only dispersing within 10 m from their parent colonies [46]. In our study, the short duration of planktonic phase of mesophotic S .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…It is known to be a hermaphroditic brooding coral, which releases planulae already associated with symbiotic algae [23,26]. This species produces planulae both sexually and asexually [44–46], although the precise nature of this process is poorly known. Planula release of this species has been widely investigated in several geographic locations, but only from shallow reefs (< 15 m depth) [26,30,31,35–38,47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive biology of the deep brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix: Implications for shallow reef recovery

et al. 2017

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Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs, between 30 and 150 m depth) are hypothesized to contribute to the recovery of degraded shallow reefs through sexually produced larvae (referred to as Deep Reef Refuge Hypothesis). In Okinawa, Japan, the brooder coral Seriatopora hystrix was reported to be locally extinct in a shallow reef while it was found abundant at a MCE nearby. In this context, S. hystrix represents a key model to test the Deep Reef Refuge Hypothesis and to understand the potential contribution of mesophotic corals to shallow coral reef recovery. However, the reproductive biology of mesophotic S. hystrix and its potential to recolonize shallow reefs is currently unknown. This study reports for the first time, different temporal scales of reproductive periodicity and larval settlement of S. hystrix from an upper mesophotic reef (40 m depth) in Okinawa. We examined reproductive seasonality, lunar, and circadian periodicity (based on polyp dissection, histology, and ex situ planula release observations) and larval settlement rates in the laboratory. Mesophotic S. hystrix reproduced mainly in July and early August, with a small number of planulae being released at the end of May, June and August. Compared to shallow colonies in the same region, mesophotic S. hystrix has a 4-month shorter reproductive season, similar circadian periodicity, and smaller planula size. In addition, most of the planulae settled rapidly, limiting larval dispersal potential. The shorter reproductive season and smaller planula size may result from limited energy available for reproduction at deeper depths, while the similar circadian periodicity suggests that this reproductive aspect is not affected by environmental conditions differing with depth. Overall, contribution of mesophotic S. hystrix to shallow reef rapid recovery appears limited, although they may recruit to shallow reefs through a multistep process over a few generations or through random extreme mixing such as typhoons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive biology of the deep brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix: Implications for shallow reef recovery

et al. 2017

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“…, Warner et al. , Prasetia et al. ) this could lead to assortative mating and consequently facilitate divergence with depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brooding species are known to have localized recruitment pattern and genetically distinct populations on local scales (Ayre and Hughes 2000, Underwood et al 2007, Bongaerts et al 2017). Since brooding corals have a more localized dispersal of both sperm and planulae (Ritson-Williams et al 2009, Warner et al 2016, Prasetia et al 2017 this could lead to assortative mating and consequently facilitate divergence with depth. However, genetically distinct populations were also found in broadcast-spawning corals (Ayre and Hughes 2000, Eytan et al 2009, Serrano et al 2014).…”

Section: Reproductive Isolation May Facilitate Divergence By Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can mesophotic reefs replenish shallow reefs? Reduced coral reproductive performance casts a doubt

Shlesinger

Grinblat

Rapuano

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Mesophotic coral ecosystems (i.e., deep coral reefs at 30-120 m depth) appear to be thriving while many shallow reefs in the world are declining. Amid efforts to understand and manage their decline, it was suggested that mesophotic reefs might serve as natural refuges and a possible source of propagules for the shallow reefs. However, our knowledge of how reproductive performance of corals alters with depth is sparse. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the reproductive phenology, fecundity, and abundance of seven reef-building conspecific corals in shallow and mesophotic habitats. Significant differences were found in the synchrony and timing of gametogenesis and spawning between shallow and mesophotic coral populations. Thus, mesophotic populations exhibited delayed or protracted spawning events, which led to spawning of the mesophotic colonies in large proportions at times where the shallow ones had long been depleted of reproductive material. All species investigated demonstrated a substantial reduction in fecundity and/or oocyte sizes at mesophotic depths (40-60 m). Two species (Seriatopora hystrix and Galaxea fascicularis) displayed a reduction in both fecundity and oocyte size at mesophotic depths. Turbinaria reniformis had only reduced fecundity and Acropora squarrosa and Acropora valida only reduced oocyte size. In Montipora verrucosa, reduced fecundity was found during one annual reproductive season while, in the following year, only reduced oocyte size was found. In contrast, reduced oocyte size in mesophotic populations of Acropora squarrosa was consistent along three studied years. One species, Acropora pharaonis, was found to be infertile at mesophotic depths along two studied years. This indicates that reproductive performance decreases with depth; and that although some species are capable of reproducing at mesophotic depths, their contribution to the replenishment of shallow reefs may be inconsequential. Reduced reproductive performance with depth, combined with the possible narrower tolerance to environmental factors, further suggests that mesophotic corals may in fact be more vulnerable than previously conceived. Furthermore, we posit that the observed temporal segregation in reproduction could lead to assortative mating, and this, in turn, may facilitate adaptive divergence across depth.

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“…| 1587 over many months from October through to April (Gilmour, Speed, & Babcock, 2016a). These larvae settle within hours if suitable substrata are available (Prasetia, Sinniger, Hashizume, & Harii, 2017), and genetic studies on Australia's west (van Oppen, Bongaerts, Underwood, Peplow, & Cooper, 2011;Underwood et al, 2007Underwood et al, , 2009) and east (Ayre & Dufty, 1994;Ayre & Hughes, 2000;Bongaerts et al, 2010Bongaerts et al, , 2011Noreen, Harrison, & Van Oppen, 2009;van Oppen, Lutz, De'ath, Peplow, & Kininmonth, 2008;Warner et al, 2015Warner et al, , 2016 coasts supports dominance of philopatry. However, several lines of evidence indicate larval dispersal of S. hystrix may be bimodal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic signatures through space, time and multiple disturbances in a ubiquitous brooding coral

et al. 2018

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The predominance of self-recruitment in many reef-building corals has fundamental and complex consequences for their genetic diversity, population persistence and responses to climate change. Knowledge of genetic structure over local scales needs to be placed within a broad spatial context, and also integrated with genetic monitoring through time to disentangle these consequences. Here, we examined patterns of genetic diversity over multiple spatio-temporal scales across tropical Australia in the ubiquitous brooding coral, Seriatopora hystrix. We also analysed complimentary environmental and demographic data to elucidate the seascape drivers of these patterns. Large genetic differences were detected between the east vs. west coasts of Australia. In northwest Australia, geographic differentiation dominated genetic structure over multiple scales. However, three sympatric lineages were detected at the largest offshore reef system (Scott Reef). Similar to the differences observed among putative species in eastern Australia, these lineages were associated with different levels of wave exposure. Local genetic structure within the Scott Reef system was relatively stable over 10 years, but temporal differences were observed that reflected small but important genetic changes over a few generations during recovery after severe bleaching. These results highlight the importance of self-recruitment together with occasional longer distance connectivity for the persistence of a metapopulation across spatially and temporally variable environments. Our multidimensional research provides a foundation for further long-term genetic monitoring to inform conservation strategies and highlights that sampling scales, ecological effects and cryptic diversity are important considerations to develop realistic understanding of the evolutionary resilience of corals.

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Sperm dispersal distances estimated by parentage analysis in a brooding scleractinian coral

Cited by 37 publications

References 182 publications

Reproductive biology of the deep brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix: Implications for shallow reef recovery

Reproductive biology of the deep brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix: Implications for shallow reef recovery

Can mesophotic reefs replenish shallow reefs? Reduced coral reproductive performance casts a doubt

Genetic signatures through space, time and multiple disturbances in a ubiquitous brooding coral

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