Sperm nuclear chromatin transformations in somatic cell‐free extracts

Banerjee, Subhasis; Hultén, Maj

doi:10.1002/mrd.1080370310

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Although protamines constitute the major protein fraction in human sperm, histones, both canonical and variant versions of the core histones, are also present (Gatewood et al, 1990). Linker histones do not appear to be required for sperm chromatin condensation (Gatewood et al, 1990; Banerjee and Hulten, 1994). A recent study revealed that nucleosomes retained in sperm chromatin exhibit specific localization with respect to developmentally important loci, and that differential methylation of histones and DNA occurs at these positions (Hammoud et al, 2009).…”

Section: Epigenetic Mechanisms During Preimplantation Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms during preimplantation development

Corry

Tanasijevic

Barry

et al. 2009

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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Following fertilization, the newly formed zygote faces several critical decisions regarding cell fate and lineage commitment. First, the parental genomes must be reprogrammed and reset for the zygotic genome to assume responsibility for gene expression. Second, blastomeres must be committed to form either the inner cell mass or trophectoderm before implantation. A variety of epigenetic mechanisms underlies each of these steps, allowing for proper activation of transcriptional circuits which function to specify a cell's identity and maintain or adjust that state as developmental and environmental conditions dictate. These epigenetic mechanisms encompass DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and alterations in nuclear architecture. In recent years, stem cells derived from the inner cell mass have been used to examine the epigenetic pathways that regulate pluripotency, differentiation, and lineage commitment. From a technical standpoint, embryonic stem cells provide an easier system to work with compared to preimplantation embryos; however, it is currently unknown how closely the epigenetic mechanisms of cultured stem cells resemble their counterparts in the intact embryo. Furthermore, it remains unclear how similar the reprogramming pathways in artificially created systems, such as nuclear transfer-derived embryos and induced pluripotent stem cells, are to those in naturally created embryos. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of epigenetic influences during preimplantation development and shed light on the extent to which these pathways are conserved in cultured pluripotent cells in vitro. In doing so, we demonstrate the critical role that epigenetic mechanisms play in the establishment of cell fate during the earliest stages of mammalian development.

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Section: Epigenetic Mechanisms During Preimplantation Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms during preimplantation development

Corry

Tanasijevic

Barry

et al. 2009

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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“…By mediating the availability of specific DNA sequences to regulatory proteins, chromatin accessibility in the form of chromatin condensation or relaxation is thought to be a major regulator of transcription (Orphanides and Reinberg 2002). Current methods of studying chromatin architecture either measure the accessibility of the genome as a whole (Banerjee and Hulten 1994) or of a few sub-kilobase regions (Reid et al 2000), but no technique is currently available to easily and simultaneously measure the chromatin accessibility of the whole genome at kilobase resolution (Urnov 2003;Crawford et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This "Chromatin Array" allows us to overcome the limited resolution and throughput problems of previous methods (Banerjee and Hulten 1994;Reid et al 2000) by using the multiplex nature of microarray experiments while retaining the high resolution of low-throughput chromatin accessibility measurement techniques. Because this new type of microarray experiment has a novel output, we developed methods to interpret the chromatin state from the relationship of the condensed fraction's hybridization intensity as compared with the intensity of total genomic DNA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Survey of Chromatin Accessibility Using DNA Microarrays

Weil¹,

Widłak²,

Minna³

et al. 2004

Genome Res.

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An increasing number of studies indicate a central role for chromatin remodeling in the regulation of gene expression. Current methods for high-resolution studies of the relationship between chromatin accessibility and transcription are low throughput, making a genome-wide study impractical. To enable the simultaneous measurement of the global chromatin accessibility state at the resolution of single genes, we developed the Chromatin Array technique, in which chromatin is separated by its condensation state using either the solubility differences of mono-and oligonucleosomes in specific buffers or controlled DNase I digestion and selection of the large refractory (condensed) DNA fragments. By probing with a comparative genomic hybridization style microarray, we can determine the condensation state of thousands of individual loci and correlate this with transcriptional activity. Applying this technique to the breast tumor model cell line, MCF7, we found that when the condensation is homogeneous in the population of cells, expression is inversely proportional to the level of accessibility and the two methods of accessibility-based target selection correlate well. Using functional annotation and comparative genomic hybridization data, we have begun to decipher the possible biological implications of the relationship between chromatin accessibility and expression.

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“…male pronucleus formation by (1) employing eggs from different animal species [35,39], (2) somatic cell nuclei transfer to mature eggs [3,36], (3) handling somatic cell-free eggs and embryo extract [2,22,24,31], (4) cell-free preparation of cytoplasm from activated eggs or anucleate fragments of parthenogenetic eggs [5,29], and (5) ooplasmic factors [7,28,38].…”

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confidence: 99%