Sperm Plasma Membrane Modifications Associated with Fertilization in Mammals

Toshimori, Kiyotaka

doi:10.1262/jrd.46.65

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In different physiological and environmental conditions drones and their sperm have a different metabolic network with different functional categories, metabolites etc. (Toshimori 2000;Baer et al 2009b). Thus, different types of enzymes are activated and this fact was observed in our work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The available sources contain information on the influence of proteins on sperm coagulation, e.g., proteolytic enzymes (Toshimori 2000;Rutllant & Meyers 2001;Lung et al 2002) or hyaluronidase (Lin et al 1994) in mammals. Considering this, the present work was aimed at testing the activity of sperm surface proteins in non-coagulated sperm and in sperm whose image suggested coagulation (hereinafter referred to as coagulated sperm) sampled from drones during one beekeeping season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteolytic system of the sperm of Apis mellifera drones

et al. 2013

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During many insemination interventions semen coagulates already within the insemination needle, which considerably lengthens the duration of inseminating a single queen bee. Considering this, the authors decided to determine the type and activity of proteases and their inhibitors in normal and coagulated sperm. The samples were collected from mature and old drones. The sperm proteins were isolated in 1% Triton X-100. The samples containing isolated proteins were tested as follows: protein concentration assay by the Lowry method; proteolytic activity in relation to various substrates (gelatine, haemoglobin, ovoalbumin, albumin, cytochrome C, casein) by the modified Anson method; proteolytic activity in relation to diagnostic inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes (pepstatin A, PMSF, iodoacetamide, o-phenantrolin), using the Lee & Lin method; acidic, neutral and basic protease activity by means of the modified Anson method; electrophoretic analysis of proteins in a polyacrylamide gel for protease detection with the Laemmli method; the activity of aspartic and serine protease inhibitors by the Lee and Lin method; electrophoretic analysis of proteins in a polyacrylamide gel for protease inhibitor activity detection by means of the modified Felicioli method. The mixing of non-coagulated semen from different drones increased protein concentration. The activities of proteases were decreased in normal sperm samples as compared with a corresponding rise in the sperm mixture from many drones. The non-coagulated sperm samples were found to contain aspartic and serine proteases. Additionally, thiolic and metallic proteases were also found in the coagulated sperm samples. There was a rise in protease inhibitor activity at pH 3.0 and 12.0, and a fall at pH 7.0 after mixing the sperm samples collected from numerous drones. Oscillation in these activities stemmed from sperm coagulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteolytic system of the sperm of Apis mellifera drones

et al. 2013

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“…The plasma membrane undergoes prominent maturational changes, but only some aspects of this are discussed, since these events have been extensively reviewed previously (Eddy and O'Brien, 1994;Yanagimachi, 1994;Jones, 1998;Toshimori, 1998Toshimori, , 2000Blobel, 2000;Primakoff and Myles, 2000;Cuasnicu et al, 2001). For example, sperm plasma membrane proteins are sequentially modified and undergo limited exo-or endo-proteolysis after being synthesized as large precursor proteins.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of spermatozoa maturation: An overview with an introduction to this issue

Toshimori

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Mammalian spermatozoa undergo morphological, biochemical, and physiological modifications initially in the testis (testicular maturation) and later in the epididymis (epididymal maturation). These maturational changes are commensurate with the functional events that occur in developing germ cells and maturing spermatozoa. This special issue reviews the recent, relevant topics dealing with spermatozoa maturation and focuses on the events that occur in internal components such as the nucleus, the acrosome, the perinuclear theca, the fibrous sheath, and the cytoplasmic droplet as well as the plasma membrane. These structures/elements and the constituent proteins of which they are comprised undergo a variety of sequential modifications starting from their origination in developing germ cells up to epididymal maturation. Several steps of the maturation processes on the sperm plasma membrane are mediated by external enzymes and secretions derived from the epithelium lining of the genital tract. Degradation of some of the constituent proteins and the elimination of defective spermatozoa are controlled by the degradation/recycling system, the ubiquitin system. These maturational modifications are necessary for spermatozoa to become fertilization-competent cells and to be stored safely in the male.

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“…It is generally accepted that molecules (receptors) on the peri-acrosomal sperm plasma membrane, described recently in detail in several reviews (Jones, 1998;Toshimori, 1998;Flesch and Gadella, 2000;Toshimori, 2000;Tulsiani and Abou-Haila, 2001), are involved in the recognition and binding to molecules (ligands) on the egg's zona pellucida or in the acrosome reaction (Yanagimachi, 1994;Wassarman, 1999). During the acrosome reaction, the acrosomal contents are released, while the hybrid membrane between the plasma membrane and OAM remains as an entity for some time and is unusually stable.…”

Section: Structure and Domains Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization and modifications of sperm acrosomal molecules during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation

Yoshinaga

Toshimori

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The mammalian acrosome is a highly specialized organelle overlying the anterior part of the sperm nucleus and contains a variety of proteins, including hydrolytic enzymes and matrix molecules. Functionally, the anterior acrosome is involved in the acrosome reaction or sperm-zona pellucida interaction, while the equatorial segment (posterior acrosome) is involved in sperm-egg fusion. The acrosome is formed during spermiogenesis, during which associated molecules are transported from the Golgi apparatus and organized. Many of the molecules thus arranged gradually become compartmentalized during sperm passage through the epididymis. Some of them are further modified during the fertilization process. The findings indicate that acrosomal molecules are not only restricted to a specific region (domain) of the acrosome but also undergo ongoing relocation in a stage-specific manner during sperm maturation in the testis and epididymis. Such maturation-associated modifications are considered essential for sperm molecules to reach the correct or final site before fertilization. This review focuses on the organization and modifications of the acrosomal molecules as well as their compartmentalization within the acrosome.

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Sperm Plasma Membrane Modifications Associated with Fertilization in Mammals

Cited by 6 publications

References 105 publications

Proteolytic system of the sperm of Apis mellifera drones

Proteolytic system of the sperm of Apis mellifera drones

Biology of spermatozoa maturation: An overview with an introduction to this issue

Organization and modifications of sperm acrosomal molecules during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation

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