Sperm plasticity to seawater temperatures in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua is affected more by population origin than individual environmental exposure

Beirão, J.; Purchase, Craig F.; Wringe, Brendan F.; Fleming, Ian A.

doi:10.3354/meps10552

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Per cent motile cells (% C mot ) and sperm swimming characteristics were analysed as previously described by Beirão et al (2014 a ). Briefly, semen samples were prediluted in a non‐activating solution (two thirds fresh water and one third seawater) (Rouxel et al , ) and kept at 9° C. One µl of prediluted semen was added to 15 µl of activation solution [31·7 salinity seawater plus 5 or 25% ovarian fluid, with 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin] on a microscope slide maintained at 9° C. Sample analyses were replicated three times and averaged for statistical analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When reared under common environmental conditions, genetic differences among these populations have been observed in several traits such as growth rate (Purchase & Brown, ; Dutil et al , ), juvenile food conversion efficiency (Purchase & Brown, , ), morphology and allometry (Marcil et al , ) and metabolism (Sylvestre et al , ). Although traits most directly related to reproduction have been less studied, there is evidence that fecundity varies among these populations in the wild (McIntyre & Hutchings, ), and that under common conditions there are intrinsic differences in thermal plasticity of sperm swimming ability (Beirão et al , 2014 a ). An important open question is whether population differences in reproductive traits constitute a mechanism for reproductive isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐population ovarian fluid variation differentially modulates sperm motility in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Beirão

Purchase

Wringe

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Biology

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This study tested the hypothesis that the effects of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua ovarian fluid on sperm motility variables are population specific. Sperm from a northern G. morhua population were activated in the presence of ovarian fluid from either northern or southern G. morhua at different concentrations. Ovarian fluid acted as a filter, in some cases reducing sperm swimming performance compared with seawater. Fluid from females foreign in population (southern) to the males (northern) had a greater inhibiting effect than those from the native population. Follow-up analysis indicated that the ovarian fluids had lower Ca(2+) concentration in northern than southern G. morhua, which could be the causative mechanism. If widespread, such cryptic female choice could reduce the incidence of intraspecific hybridization among diverged populations and contribute to reproductive isolation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐population ovarian fluid variation differentially modulates sperm motility in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Beirão

Purchase

Wringe

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Beirão et al (2014) documented cogradient variation in thermal reaction norms for sperm performance in cod, wherein performance increased with temperature more in the southern population. Interestingly, geographic origin had a greater influence on the plasticity of sperm characteristics than environmental history (i.e., whether they were reared in sea cages or indoor tanks).…”

Section: Population-level Differences In Reaction Normsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic variability in reaction norms in fishes

Oomen

Hutchings

2015

Environ. Rev.

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The ability of populations to adapt to environmental change and the spatial scale at which this adaptation occurs are fundamentally important issues in evolutionary biology, and ones that may benefit greatly from the study of genetic variability in reaction norms, which represent the plasticity of phenotypic traits across an environmental gradient. Therefore variable reaction norms can reflect genetic differences in the ability of individuals, families, populations, and species to respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental change. Fishes are ideal organisms in which to study plasticity because of their remarkable intraspecific morphological, physiological, behavioural, and life history variation. Here, we review studies demonstrating genetic variability in reaction norms in fishes. Genetic variability in plasticity among full-and half-sib families suggests potential for some populations to develop an adaptive norm of reaction (recalling that plasticity need not be adaptive). Reaction norm variability among populations suggests that adaptive genetic divergence can occur rapidly when selection pressures are strong and that the spatial scale of adaptation is much smaller than previously believed for some species with high dispersal capabilities. These studies demonstrate the potential of using reaction norms to study the evolution of novel phenotypes and the influence of temporal environmental variability and gene flow on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, which can then be used to predict how populations will respond to directional environmental change. To promote future research into genetic variability in reaction norms, we propose questions that would benefit from such an approach and discuss some important considerations for designing experiments to investigate questions related to genetic variation in plasticity and phenotypic evolution.Résumé : La capacité d'adaptation au changement environnemental et l'échelle spatiale à laquelle cette adaptation survient, constituent des défis d'importance fondamentale en biologie évolutive, un sujet qui pourrait bénéficier grandement de l'étude de la variabilité des normes de réaction. Les normes de réaction représentent la plasticité des traits phénotypiques le long d'un gradient environnemental. Conséquemment, des normes de réaction variables peuvent refléter des différences génétiques dans la capacité des individus, des familles, des populations et des espèces à réagir au changement environnemental naturel et anthropogène. Les poissons constituent des organismes idéaux pour l'étude de la plasticité compte tenu de la variation intraspécifique remarquable de leur morphologie, de leur physiologie, de leur comportement et de leur cycle de vie. Les auteurs passent en revue les études démontrant la variabilité génétique des normes de réaction chez les poissons. La variabilité de la plasticité parmi les familles biparentales ou mono parentales suggère la capacité de certaines populations à développer une norme de réaction adaptative (en se rappelant que la plastic...

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“…As cod sperm are greatly affected by temperature (Purchase et al 2010), the percentage of motile sperm and swimming characteristics of motile cells were analyzed at a controlled 9°C within 10 h of collection following the protocol described by Beirão et al (2014). The seawater (31.7 psu and 964 mOsm kg −1 ) was filtered and UV sterilized.…”

Section: Motility Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Atlantic cod sperm motility is negatively affected by ovarian fluid of farmed females

Beirão¹,

Purchase²,

Wringe³

et al. 2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Atlantic cod escape from fish farms at higher rates than commonly cultured marine species, and escapees have been observed to interact with wild fish in mating aggregations. Previous research suggests that potential interbreeding is mediated largely by the likelihood of wild males spawning with escaped females, and as such, the egg and ovarian fluid characteristics of these females could affect fertilization success and the likelihood of hybridization. Farmed cod have been noted to have poor egg quality compared to wild individuals, and some of this difference may be due to the ovarian fluid, which can affect key sperm-motility parameters related to fertilization success. We tested the hypothesis that the ovarian fluid of farmed females negatively affects the sperm performance of wild males. Sperm-motility parameters and fertilization capacity of wild male sperm were analyzed in the presence of both farmed and wild female ovarian fluid. Sperm performed similarly in the presence of wild female ovarian fluid and a seawater control. Ovarian fluid of farmed females negatively affected sperm swimming and the capacity to fertilize eggs. These differences may be related to nutritional deficiencies of farmed individuals. Although it has been demonstrated that wild males actively court farmed females, our results indicate that their ovarian fluid quality can inhibit fertilization success.

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Sperm plasticity to seawater temperatures in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua is affected more by population origin than individual environmental exposure

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Inter‐population ovarian fluid variation differentially modulates sperm motility in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Inter‐population ovarian fluid variation differentially modulates sperm motility in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

Genetic variability in reaction norms in fishes

Wild Atlantic cod sperm motility is negatively affected by ovarian fluid of farmed females

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