Spermatotoxic effects of α-chlorohydrin in rats

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of α-chlorohydrin (ACH) on epididymal function and antioxidant system in male rats. The test chemical was administered to male rats by gavage at doses of 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, with six rats in each group. Spermatotoxicity was assessed by measurement of reproductive organ weight, testicular sperm head count, epididymal sperm motility and morphology, histopathologic examination, and oxidative damage analysis in rats. At 30 mg/kg/day, an increase in the incidence of clinical signs, epididymis weight, and gross necropsy findings of the epididymis, a decrease in the sperm motility, and an increased incidence of histopathological changes of the epididymis were observed in a dose-dependent manner. At 10 mg/kg/day, an increased incidence of clinical signs and histopathological changes and decreased sperm motility were observed. In the oxidative damage analysis, an increase in the malondialdehyde concentration and a decrease in the glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in the epididymal tissue were detected at ≥3 mg/kg/day. The results show that graded doses of ACH elicit depletion of the antioxidant defense system and that the spermatotoxicity of ACH may be due to the induction of oxidative stress.

Ameliorative Effects of Pine Bark Extract on Spermatotoxicity by α‐Chlorohydrin in Rats

“…The major histopathological findings observed in the ACH group included spermatic granuloma, cell debris in the ducts, epithelial cell vacuolization, and oligospermia. Our results agree with those of previous studies (Jelks et al ., ; Jelks and Miller, ; Kim et al ., ). However, the incidence and severity of epididymal lesions in rats treated with PYC were considerably ameliorated when compared with that in the ACH group.…”

“…Pycnogenol® (20 mg/kg/day) was administered daily by gavage to rats for 7 days (Yang et al ., ; Kim et al ., ). α‐Chlorohydrin (30 mg/kg/day) was administered orally at 1 h after the PYC treatment for 7 days (Kim et al ., ).…”

“…Inhibiting GAPDH depletes sperm ATP and subsequently decreases sperm motility and fertility. Recently, we have demonstrated that the adverse effects on male reproductive function in ACH‐treated rats may be due to the induction of oxidative stress and decrease of antioxidant activities (Kim et al ., ).…”

Melatonin prevents gentamicin-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress in rats

“…Although the exact mechanism of GM‐induced testicular toxicity is still not clearly understood, oxidative stress and the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical have been implicated in the pathophysiology of GM toxicity (Pedraza‐Chaverrí et al ., ; Hong et al ., ). Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of reproductive disorders, the aetiology of defective sperm function and male infertility (Sikka, ; Kothari et al ., ; Kim et al ., ). Therefore, we hypothesised that oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by ROS may be involved in the testicular toxicity of GM in rats and that a combination of drug delivery together with potent antioxidant agents may be an appropriate approach to reduce the toxic adverse effects of GM.…”

<b>Experimental exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from the pre-puberty causes damage in sperm production and motility in adulthood

“…These data corroborate with the reduction of the germ cells number observed. However, Kim et al (2012) related that the exposure of adult rats (3, 10, and 30 mg kg -1 bw day -1 3-MCPD for 7 days) no caused changes in the number of sperm head in the testis.…”