2002
DOI: 10.1080/ejc.7.3.173.177
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Spermicides 2002: an overview

Abstract: The first-ever written prescription for a contraceptive (barrier method) tampon can be found in the Ebers Papyrus, a compendium of medical practices written in 1550 BC. Modern spermicides are produced in a variety of formulations, including gels, foams, creams, suppositories, pessaries, capsules, foaming tablets and films. Spermicides are relatively inexpensive and widely available over the counter. Most of the currently used spermicides contain the chemical agent (non-ionic detergent) nonoxynol-9. The spermic… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…3). The importance of developing muco-penetrative particles was further demonstrated when N-9, a non-ionic detergent widely used in vaginal gels, lubricants, and condoms [35], failed to enhance the delivery of lipoplexes to the underlying epithelium despite its ability to disrupt vaginal epithelium [17,36] (data not shown). While it is possible that the liposome structure could have been destroyed in the presence of the detergent (N-9) leading to ineffective delivery, the ability of N-9 to dissociate hydrophobically-bundled mucin fibers could have also contributed to this given its ability to decrease the average mucus pore size from 200-500 nm to 130 nm [37,38].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3). The importance of developing muco-penetrative particles was further demonstrated when N-9, a non-ionic detergent widely used in vaginal gels, lubricants, and condoms [35], failed to enhance the delivery of lipoplexes to the underlying epithelium despite its ability to disrupt vaginal epithelium [17,36] (data not shown). While it is possible that the liposome structure could have been destroyed in the presence of the detergent (N-9) leading to ineffective delivery, the ability of N-9 to dissociate hydrophobically-bundled mucin fibers could have also contributed to this given its ability to decrease the average mucus pore size from 200-500 nm to 130 nm [37,38].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, propranolol hydrochloride was developed as a gel using sodium alginate at 6.5% w/w and proved its mucoadhesive property toward vaginal walls that might sustain its spermicidal activity [29]. Other spermicides were developed as a contraceptive sponge which provides not one but a combination of three active spermicides (nonoxynol-9, benzalkonium chloride, and sodium cholate) [1]. • Might irritate the genital organs of the male partner [1,22] • Might produce protection against some sexually transmitted diseases…”
Section: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Of Spermicidesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other spermicides were developed as a contraceptive sponge which provides not one but a combination of three active spermicides (nonoxynol-9, benzalkonium chloride, and sodium cholate) [1]. • Might irritate the genital organs of the male partner [1,22] • Might produce protection against some sexually transmitted diseases…”
Section: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Of Spermicidesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Gran cantidad de testimonios escritos en tiempos remotos sobre la anticoncepción sobrevivieron a lo largo de la historia. Los papiros de Ebers, una compilación de textos médicos egipcios que datan del 1550 a.C., incluyen distintos métodos y fórmulas anticonceptivas (113). Escritores clásicos tales como Plinio el Mayor y Discorides Pedanius (De materia medica, 77 a.C.) se refieren al control de la fertilidad (197).…”
Section: Desde La Prehistoria Hasta Las Primeras Incursiones Cientíunclassified