Spermidine affects the transcriptome responses to high temperature stress in ripening tomato fruit

Abstract

Abstract:Objective: High temperature adversely affects quality and yield of tomato fruit. Polyamine can alleviate heat injury in plants. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of polyamine and high temperature on transcriptional profiles in ripening tomato fruit. Methods: An Affymetrix tomato microarray was used to evaluate changes in gene expression in response to exogenous spermidine (Spd, 1 mmol/L) and high temperature (33/27 °C) treatments in tomato fruits at mature green stage. Results: Of the 10 101 tomato probe sets represented on the array, 127 loci were differentially expressed in high temperature-treated fruits, compared with those under normal conditions, functionally characterized by their involvement in signal transduction, defense responses, oxidation reduction, and hormone responses. However, only 34 genes were up-regulated in Spd-treated fruits as compared with non-treated fruits, which were involved in primary metabolism, signal transduction, hormone responses, transcription factors, and stress responses. Meanwhile, 55 genes involved in energy metabolism, cell wall metabolism, and photosynthesis were down-regulated in Spd-treated fruits. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that Spd might play an important role in regulation of tomato fruit response to high temperature during ripening stage.

Speculation: Polyamines are important in abiotic stress signaling

“…A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 9 transcription factors and stress responses, while 55 genes putatively involved in the energy metabolism, cell wall metabolism and photosynthesis were down-regulated [33]. The exogenous application of spermidine to the alga of the lichen Xanthoria parietina resulted in an increase in the transcript level of the gene psbA encoding the D1 protein in photosystem II [34].…”

“…They are also able to block vacuolar cation channels in the sequence Page 14 of 33 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 14 spermine 4 + > spermidine 3 + > putrescine 2 + . Thus, polyamines assist in vacuolar Na + sequestration during salt stress [6].…”

“…3). Abscisic acid-responsive elements (ABRE) or ABRE-related motifs occur in the promoters of ADC2, SPDS1 and SPMS, which are also highly up-regulated in Page 15 of 33 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 15 response to drought stress [10]. Abscisic acid also influences the catabolism of polyamines as it induces the expression of PAO [59], while at the same time, polyamines influence abscisic acid synthesis [30].…”

Remaining Mysteries of Molecular Biology: The Role of Polyamines in the Cell

“…This includes scavenging of ROS [183][184][185][186][187], binding to membrane transport proteins [188][189][190], and regulating expression of proteins related to the stress response [191][192][193][194][195][196]. PAs can function as ROS scavengers as they are polycationic under physiological pH [183][184][185].…”

The exogenous application of spermidine alleviates photosynthetic inhibition and membrane lipid peroxidation under low-light stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings

“…Roychoudhury et al 2011). Indeed, the PAs putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) accumulate in plants under abiotic stress conditions, playing an important role in the defence responses to various abiotic stresses (Kumar et al 2006;Bouchereau et al 1999), including metal toxicity (Groppa et al 2003), oxidative stress (Rider et al 2007), drought (Yamaguchi et al 2007), salinity (Demetriou et al 2007;Duan et al 2008), high temperature (Cheng et al 2012), ultraviolet ray (Sfichi et al 2004;Unal et al 2008) and chilling (Shen et al 2000;Sfakianaki et al 2006;Cuevas et al 2008;Zhang et al 2009). However, to our knowledge, it has not been demonstrated to date whether exogenous Spd application can relieve the harmful effects of low-light stress.…”