Spezifische Phobien

Hamm, Alfons O.

doi:10.1055/s-0043-100487

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Participants were first invited for a diagnostic interview in which inclusion was secured and the SCID interview as well as the questionnaires were conducted. For the SP sample, one of these questionnaires was the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ; Hamm, 2017; Klorman et al, 1974) to measure the severity of spider phobia. It consists of 31 binary items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural processing of emotional facial stimuli in specific phobia: An fMRI study

Böhnlein

Leehr

Roesmann

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Patients with specific phobia (SP) show altered brain activation when confronted with phobia-specific stimuli. It is unclear whether this pathogenic activation pattern generalizes to other emotional stimuli. This study addresses this question by employing a well-powered sample while implementing an established paradigm using nonspecific aversive facial stimuli. Methods: N = 111 patients with SP, spider subtype, and N = 111 healthy controls (HCs) performed a supraliminal emotional face-matching paradigm contrasting aversive faces versus shapes in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We performed region of interest (ROI) analyses for the amygdala, the insula, and the anterior cingulate cortex using univariate as well as machine-learning-based multivariate statistics based on this data. Additionally, we investigated functional connectivity by means of psychophysiological interaction (PPI).Results: Although the presentation of emotional faces showed significant activation in all three ROIs across both groups, no group differences emerged in all ROIs.Across both groups and in the HC > SP contrast, PPI analyses showed significant task-related connectivity of brain areas typically linked to higher-order emotion processing with the amygdala. The machine learning approach based on whole-brain activity patterns could significantly differentiate the groups with 73% balanced accuracy.Conclusions: Patients suffering from SP are characterized by differences in the connectivity of the amygdala and areas typically linked to emotional processing in response to aversive facial stimuli (inferior parietal cortex, fusiform gyrus, middleThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural processing of emotional facial stimuli in specific phobia: An fMRI study

Böhnlein

Leehr

Roesmann

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Psychoeducative models are specific to diagnoses, accounting for differences in etiological pathways (cf. Hamm, ; Stangier, Heidenreich, & Peitz, ). During the first exposure exercises (sessions 5–7) patients are introduced to the method and principles of exposure using standard exposure exercises for the given diagnoses (derived from Mathews, Gelder, & Johnston, ; Neudeck, ; Stangier et al, ).…”

Section: Methods Of the Clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders via enhanced extinction: Design and methods of a multicentre randomized clinical trial

Heinig

Pittig

Richter³

et al. 2017

Int J Methods Psychiatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure-based psychological interventions currently represent the empirically best established first line form of cognitive-behavioural therapy for all types of anxiety disorders. Although shown to be highly effective in both randomized clinical and other studies, there are important deficits: (1) the core mechanisms of action are still under debate, (2) it is not known whether such treatments work equally well in all forms of anxiety disorders, including comorbid diagnoses like depression, (3) it is not known whether an intensified treatment with more frequent sessions in a shorter period of time provides better outcome than distributed sessions over longer time intervals. This paper reports the methods and design of a large-scale multicentre randomized clinical trial (RCT) involving up to 700 patients designed to answer these questions. Based on substantial advances in basic research we regard extinction as the putative core candidate model to explain the mechanism of action of exposure-based treatments. The RCT is flanked by four add-on projects that apply experimental neurophysiological and psychophysiological, (epi)genetic and ecological momentary assessment methods to examine extinction and its potential moderators. Beyond the focus on extinction we also involve stakeholders and routine psychotherapists in preparation for more effective dissemination into clinical practice.

show abstract

“…Spider fear-related questionnaires. German versions of the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) 25 , the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) 26 and the Spider Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ) 27 were used, with higher scores indicating greater fear of spiders.…”

Section: Cs Valence and Cs-us Contingency Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between fear extinction, the ability to accomplish exposure and exposure therapy outcome in specific phobia

Raeder

Merz

Margraf

2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Great interest exists in maximizing exposure therapy efficacy in anxiety disorders. At the same time, reduced frequency and shortened duration of exposure sessions are required to meet the specific regularities in routine care settings. extinction has emerged as the key mechanism of exposure treatment in anxiety disorders. examining exposure treatment processes from the perspective of extinction learning might provide novel insights into variability in exposure treatment duration and outcome. the present study sought to examine the functional link between fear extinction, the ability to accomplish exposure in a predetermined time and exposure therapy outcome in specific phobia. treatment-seeking individuals (N = 53) with spider phobia underwent a context-dependent fear conditioning paradigm prior to a standardized exposure. Spider-phobic participants who were able to complete exposure within the pre-determined time (i.e., completers) showed a more pronounced shortand long-term exposure therapy benefit. In the fear conditioning task, a more pronounced decline in CS-US contingency ratings during extinction (retrieval) was found in completers relative to noncompleters. The failure to further extinguish US expectancy to the CSs in non-completers might offer a potential mechanistic explanation why non-completers have difficulties to accomplish all exposure steps in a fixed time and show less pronounced treatment gains. Our findings bear specific implications for the implementation of exposure treatment to routine care settings.Exposure is considered as the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders. Exposure therapy is aimed at helping patients to overcome their anxiety by creating a safe environment, in which they are repeatedly and systematically exposed to feared or avoided scenarios, leading to decreases of fear 1,2 . Despite its effectiveness, some patients show no or only a partial remission of symptoms or experience a recovery of symptoms after treatment 3 . Likewise, some patients exhibit a delayed therapeutic benefit, requiring an extended treatment duration and frequency 4 . This, however, is at odds with the organizational and economic demands in routine care, which requires efficient time schedules and reduction of treatment-associated costs 5 . The frequency and duration of exposure sessions thus needs to be adapted to the specific regularities in routine care settings (e.g. see 6 ). The identification of new pathways to improve exposure treatment efficacy while at the same time decreasing barriers to transfer exposure treatment to routine care would be highly desirable 7 . So far, only little is known about mechanisms contributing to treatment duration and short-and long-term treatment outcome.Extinction has emerged as a central candidate for the main process underlying exposure 8 . Consequently, research on the cognitive and neurobiological foundations of extinction as the laboratory analog of exposure might pave the way to understand and improve exposure treatment efficacy. Ultimately, by bridging the g...

show abstract

Spezifische Phobien

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Neural processing of emotional facial stimuli in specific phobia: An fMRI study

Neural processing of emotional facial stimuli in specific phobia: An fMRI study

Optimizing exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders via enhanced extinction: Design and methods of a multicentre randomized clinical trial

The association between fear extinction, the ability to accomplish exposure and exposure therapy outcome in specific phobia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About